考虑努力水平的供应链协同研究
2016-05-31丛娇娇王红春
丛娇娇 王红春



摘 要:在由单一供应商和单一零售商组成的二级供应链系统中,考虑随机市场需求受零售商的销售努力水平的影响,建立了基本的回购契约模型。首先通过分析得出此基本模型未能实现供应链协调,因此,文章采取零售商和供应商共同承担努力成本的方法,建立了新的回购契约模型,并对供应链协调进行了分析,得出了零售商的最优订货量和最优努力水平。然后在考虑努力水平的同时,加入了零售商的风险偏好,建立了新的回购契约模型,并对供应链协调进行了重新分析。最后,通过算例分析验证了文章研究的相关结论。
关键词:回购契约;努力水平;风险偏好;协同
中图分类号:F273.7 文献标识码:A
Abstract: In the two echelon supply chain system consisting of a single supplier and a single retailer, market demand that is influenced by the level of retailer's sales effort is random, then this paper has established the basic buy-back contract model. First of all, through analyzing the basic model, it finds that this basic model can not achieve supply chain coordination. Therefore, this paper takes the method that effort costs are shared, thus it established the new buy-back contract model, and the supply chain coordination is analyzed. Also it is got the retailer's optimal order quantity and the optimal effort level. Then, it introduces the risk preference of retailers at the same time, and new buy-back contract model is established. It also gives the conditions for the supply chain to achieve coordination. Finally, the relevant conclusions of this study are verified by numerical examples.
Key words: buy back contract; effort level; risk preference; coordination
0 引 言
如今已不是大鱼吃小鱼的时代,而是群鱼吃大鱼的时代。单个企业的战斗已逐渐敌不过企业所在的供应链之间的战斗。因此,供应链管理越来越受到企业及专家们的重视,如何解决供应链成员企业之间纵横交错的复杂关系,实现供应链协调一致是学术界研究的焦点。目前,供应链契约仍旧是实现供应链协调的重要手段,买卖双方通过签订契约达成协议,从而做出有利于供应链整体利益的决策,实现利益共担,风险共享。
在现实生活中,零售商为了销售业绩所作出的努力在很大程度上影响着市场需求,例如在电视和互联网上投入的广告,在小区发的宣传单等都会对消费者的需求产生一定的影响。许多学者也对此进行了相关研究,例如Hu等人将传统的收益共享契约进行优化,在契约中考虑了零售商的销售努力因素,并在委托代理框架下,分析了努力因素对契约的影响;……
