李雨龙　杨叶　韦诚　符旖晴

摘 要 对海南多个市县的飞机草发病情况进行调研发现，飞机草叶斑病受自然环境及病菌种类的影响，从发病样品上分离获得46株病原真菌。经过形态学观察与分子鉴定比对，确定飞机草的重要病原真菌分别为：链格孢Alternaria alternata、新月弯孢Curvularia lunata和尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporu。通过离体叶片针刺法和活体接种法对病源真菌致病力进行测定，结果显示，强致病力菌株12个（占26.09%），中等致病力菌株13个（占28.26%），弱致病力菌株19个（占41.30%），无致病力菌株2个（占4.3%），其中链格孢菌株LGB100501、LGB100401和弯孢菌株WB110216表现出较高的致病力。利用11个高致病力菌株针对8种海南常见杂草进行寄主范围测试，结果表明，不同菌株致病力存在差异，仅有13.6%的供试杂草对这些菌株表现出高度和中度感病。

关键词 海南；飞机草；病原真菌；致病力；寄主范围

中图分类号 S451.1 文献标识码 A

Abstract The investigation and sampling of the infection situation of Chromolaena odorata in some regions of hainan revealed that the leaf spot was influenced by natural environment. 46 pathogenic fungi were isolated. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence alignments of rDNA ITS region，the most important pathogen fungi of C. odorata were identified as Alternaria alternata， Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporu. The virulence of the strains were determined by inoculation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the high-pathogenic strains were 12（26.09%），the medium-pathogenic were 13（28.26%），the low-pathogenic were 19（41.30%），and non-pathogenic 2（4.3%）. The virulence of LGB100501， LGB100401 and WB110216 were very high. High virulence of 11 strains to 8 weeds showed that different strains had differences in virulence，highly susceptible and moderately susceptible accounted for only 13.6%.

Key words Hainan；Chromolaena odorata；Pathogenic fungi；Virulence；Host range

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.01.029

飞机草（Chromolaena odorata L）是菊科（Compositae）泽兰属（Eupatorium）多年生杂草，学名香泽兰[1]，是IUCN 确定的全球100种最具破坏力的入侵生物之一，该草遍布海南全岛，对海南农林牧业的生产、物种多样性和生态系统安全造成了严重危害。越来越多的研究表明，筛选和利用本土天敌控制入侵生物是一条简捷安全的途径。迄今为止，已有不少应用病原真菌防治入侵杂草的成功实例，并产生不少商品化的生物制剂[1-3]。

目前，国内对飞机草的研究主要集中在入侵生态学方面，并取得了突破性进展，而有关飞机草生物防除的相关研究工作较为落后，尤其是有关病原微生物控制与应用的研究报道较少。……