不同生长期橡胶叶对六点始叶螨选择性及种群增长影响
2016-05-30张方平朱俊洪李磊韩冬银牛黎明陈俊谕符悦冠
张方平 朱俊洪 李磊 韩冬银 牛黎明 陈俊谕 符悦冠



摘 要 为了探明不同生长期橡胶叶对六点始叶螨Eotetranychus sexmaculatus(Riley)选择性及种群增长的影响,在室内测定古铜期、淡绿期、稳定期、老化期的橡胶叶对六点始叶螨的产卵选择、取食选择、发育、存活及繁殖的影响。结果表明:六点始叶螨对不同生长期橡胶叶的取食选择和产卵选择由多到少依次为:古铜期、淡绿期、稳定期、老化期,说明该螨在转移为害过程中优先选择幼嫩叶片;世代发育历期以取食老化期的最长,为20.9 d,取食古铜期最短,为16.9 d。世代存活率、净生殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)由大到小依次为:古铜期、淡绿期、稳定期、老化期。因此,古铜期的橡胶叶最适合六点始叶螨的发育、存活及种群增长,随着橡胶叶的老化越不利于该虫的生长发育及繁殖。
关键词 六点始叶螨;橡胶;生长期;选择性;种群增长
中图分类号 S794.1 文献标识碼 A
Abstract To clarify the effect of rubber leaves on the selectivity and population growth of E. sexmaculatus at different growing period, we evaluated the selectivity of oviposition and feeding, development, survival and reproduction of the mites at Bronze-coloured stage, grey green stage, stable stage and senescent stage. The results showed that the order of feeding and oviposition selectivity was: Bronze-coloured stage>grey green stage>stable stage>senescent stage. That indicated the mites preferentially choosed younger leaves when they transfeedr. The developmental duration from egg to adults on senescent stage was the longest(20.9 d), while that on the Bronze-coloured stage was the shortest(16.9 d). The order of whole generations survival, net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase was: Bronze-coloured stage>grey green stage>stable stage>senescent stage. As a result, the bronze-coloured leaves were the most suitable for the development, survival and population growth of E. sexmaculatus. With a rising of leaf age, the leaves were not fit for growth, development and reproduction of E. sexmaculatus.
Key words Eotetranychus sexmaculatus;Nubber tree;Growing period;Selectivity;Population growth
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2016.01.025
六点始叶螨Eotetranychus sexmaculatus(Riley)是一种多食性害螨,其寄主范围较为广泛,包括橡胶、柑橘、腰果、番石榴、芒果、菠萝蜜、油桐、茶树、油梨、苦楝、台湾相思等20多种经济植物[1-2]。在美国、新西兰,六点始叶螨主要为害油梨[2-4];在国内,该螨曾在20世纪70年代对四川万县地区的油桐造成严重危害[5],而自20世纪80年代以,来主要为害橡胶,并呈越来越严重的趋势[6-8]。据调查,2008年以来六点始叶螨在海南、云南多地的橡胶树上暴发成灾,导致大量叶子变黄脱落、开割树停割,橡胶产量急剧减少。
害虫的暴发成灾通常受多种因素影响,其中寄主植物的适合度就是一个重要因子[9]。对橡副珠蜡蚧……
