技术与真理
2016-05-30侯丽岩
侯丽岩
[摘 要]海德格尔从批判西方传统的符合论真理观出发,提出了他的存在论真理观。海德格尔把技术纳入到其存在论的思想框架中,认为技术是一种产出,技术的本质在于解蔽,技术是真理的发生方式。技术因而在存在论意义上与艺术和真理具有本质的同源性。但是,作为“集置”的现代技术却是对存在的僭越和对真理的伪装,使技术与艺术又有着明显的区隔,它因而需要依于本源而居的艺术以及作为艺术之本质的诗的救渡。
[关键词]海德格尔;存在论;技术;真理
[中图分类号]B516.54 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1000-3541(2016)03-0142-05
Abstract: Martin Heidegger criticized the traditional correspondence theory of truth, and proposed his ontological theory of truth. He put technology into his own ontological thought framework, and connected with truth problems.That is to say, for Heidegger, technology as a sort of “bring-forth”(poiesis), technology as the genesis of truth, and the essence of technology is aletheia. Thus, from the perspective of ontology, the essence of technology shares the same origin with arts and truth. However, modern technology as the so-called “Ge-stell” is the arrogation of Being and the camouflage of truth, in this sense, technology and arts have the obvious difference. Therefore, technology needs the salvation from arts and poems(Ditchtung), in which the origin dwell.
Key words:Martin Heidegger; Ontology; Technology; Truth
技术与人类相伴而生,技术打开了人类生存和生活的诸种可能性。但是,当我们追问技术的本质时,却很少能得到一致的答案。在哲学史上,也很少有哲学家把技术看成是一个哲学问题,“技术向来没有进入哲学思考的核心”[1]。一般来讲,古希腊词τχνη(tékhnē)不仅是指工匠制作的手艺活,而且也指艺术创作,古希腊哲人往往把工匠的工具制作活动与诸如绘画、雕塑等艺术创作活动混为一谈,认为它们都是出于生计原因的操劳,并不是哲学思考的内容,哲学更应该是一种思考理论的活动而非思考实践的活动。柏拉图认为,技术乃是对自然的学习或模仿;亚里士多德通过对自然物与人工物进行本体论上的区分,认为前者受自然内在目的的驱动,而后者则只能依赖于人的维护。
在此种西方哲学传统的思考模式下,“技术”也就被矮化为技术物及其制造活动了,技术更与真理无涉,真理只能通过无限靠近抽象的理念世界才能寻得。……
