吴雄

[摘要] 目的 探讨小儿急诊惊厥病因及其治疗效果。 方法 整群选取于2014年9月—2015年9月在该院接受治疗的惊厥患儿共110例。了解患者疾病的相关信息，并对患者进行辅助检查，针对病因实施针对性治疗。观察小儿的惊厥病因及其治疗方法。 结果 惊厥病因分析中，热性惊厥占53.6%，癫痫占20.9%，颅内感染占8.2%。其中，新生儿以低血糖为主，婴幼儿与6岁以下小儿以热性惊厥为主，6岁以上小儿以癫痫为主；治疗总有效率为97.3%，不良反应率为1.8%。 结论 小儿急诊惊厥的病因复杂，以热性惊厥最为常见。临床治疗中，选择必要的辅助检查手段，并进行对症治疗，能够预防疾病复发，保障小儿生命安全。

[关键词] 小儿惊厥；病因分析；治疗效果

[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2016）02（b）-0067-02

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the etiology and treatment effect of emergency convulsions in children. Methods 110 cases of children with convulsions treated in our hospital from September 2014 to September 2015 were selected， the related information of the patients disease was known， the patients were given accessory examination， targeted treatment were implemented according to the etiologies， the etiology and treatment method of children were observed. Results The convulsions etiology analysis showed that febrile convulsion accounted for 53.6%， epilepsia accounted for 20.9%， intracranial infection accounted for 8.2%， among them， the neonates were mainly with glucopenia， infants and children less than 6 years old were mainly with febrile convulsion， children more than 6 years old were mainly with epilepsia， the total treatment effective rat e was 97.3%， the adverse reaction rate was 1.8%. Conclusion The etiology of emergency convulsions in children is complex and the febrile convulsion is most common， in clinic treatment， choosing necessary accessory examination means and symptomatic treatment can prevent disease recurrence and ensure the safety of childrens life.

[Key words] Convulsions in children； Etiological analysis； Treatment effect

惊厥主要是由于多种原因而导致大脑神经元暂时性功能紊乱，发作时往往出现全身或局部肌群突然阵挛、松弛交替，且常常会伴随意识障碍[1-2]。由于小儿神经系统发育尚不成熟，兴奋极易扩散，因此不论哪种因素只要导致神经元兴奋性过高都可能诱发异常脑电活动，进而导致小儿惊厥[3-4]。该研究对2014年9月—2015年9月在该院就诊的110例惊厥患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析，旨在探究小儿急诊惊厥病因分析及其治疗效果现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

整群选取于2014年9月—2015年9月在该院接受治疗的惊厥患儿共110例。其中，男64例，女46例。年龄0～8岁，平均年龄为（3.23±2.14）岁。年龄分布：<6个月的患者共10例，年龄6个月～1岁共30例，年龄1～6岁共61例，年龄>6岁共9例。所有患儿全年均有发病，以1～4月发病率最高，10～12月发病率次之，8～9月发病率最低。……