先天性胆管囊肿研究进展
2016-05-14路景绍吴璇昭
路景绍 吴璇昭

[摘要] 先天性胆管囊肿,亦称先天性胆管囊状扩张症,该病具有分型复杂、症状无特异性、手术难度大、并发症多等特点。因该病临床症状不典型,且常合并肝、胆、胰疾病,极易被误诊或者漏诊,严重威胁患者生命、健康。随临床诊疗技术的不断更新,该病在病理、形态、病因、诊断及治疗方面均有所发展,该综述通过其病因、分型着手,对近年来先天性胆管囊肿的诊断、治疗方面内容进行综述。
[关键词] 先天性胆管囊肿;诊断;治疗;进展
[中图分类号] R575.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2016)02(b)-0196-03
[Abstract] Congenital choledochal cyst is also known as congenital cystic dilatation of bile duct, the disease has the characteristics such as complex type, aspecific symptom, difficult operation and many complications, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of the disease can easily occur because of its atypical clinical symptoms and also because it was often with hepatic, biliary and pancreas diseases, which seriously threatens the patients life and health, with the constant update of clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, the disease has some developments in the aspects such as pathology, form, pathogeny, diagnosis and treatment, this paper summarizes the diagnosis and treatment of congenital choledochal cyst?in recent years starting from its pathogeny and type.
[Key words] Congenital choledochal cyst; Diagnosis; Treatment; Development
先天性胆管囊肿(CBD)又称为胆管扩张症,临床上具有多种形态,包括球状、梭状及憩室状等常见形态。临床上主要症状为腹痛、腹部包块和黄疸,是最常见的一种先天性胆道畸形,多见于儿童或婴幼儿,其中20%~25%于成年发病[1]。为对该病的诊治进行进一步了解,以期对本病治疗提供参考,该文从本病病因及分型着手,对CBD诊断方法和治疗进行综述。
1 研究现状
1.1 病因分析
Voter 在1723年首次报道此病以来,CBD病因学一直都不明朗,通过相关临床实验研究,对其病因学的研究,主要包括以下几个方面。
1.1.1 胆总管薄弱和远端梗阻学说 1977年Spitz动物实验说明胆总管发育早期胆道薄弱时,如果发生梗阻会致使胆总管囊形扩张;而对成年胆总管,即使远端梗阻,因为管壁发育完善,只会发生轻度的梭形扩张。临床上对患儿进行的影像学进行研究,发现胆总管囊形扩张程度和胆总管远端狭窄程度及囊内压力关系密切——囊内压越高,胆总管出口越窄,胆总管扩张就越严重;……
