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饲料发酵对猪粪厌氧堆肥发酵过程中酶活的影响

2016-05-14盛清凯夏冬孟宪利韩红赵红波李祥明

山东农业科学 2016年5期

盛清凯 夏冬 孟宪利 韩红 赵红波 李祥明

摘 要:为促进种养结合,研究饲料发酵对猪粪堆肥厌氧发酵的影响。试验分为三组,对照组为饲喂干粉料的母猪粪,试验Ⅰ组为干粉料母猪粪+混合菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌),试验Ⅱ组为饲喂混合菌厌氧发酵饲料的母猪粪。不同猪粪分别与小麦壳混匀后堆积厌氧发酵。结果表明:饲料发酵使饲料和新鲜猪粪中乳酸菌增加,大肠杆菌减少(P<0.01),纤维素酶活性增加(P<0.05);堆肥过程中,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脲酶的活性先降低然后逐渐升高,两组变化趋势相似(P<0.05)。饲料发酵影响堆肥中酶的活性,发酵饲料猪粪容易腐熟,枯草芽孢杆菌可能在生猪饲料发酵及堆肥发酵整个过程中发挥作用。

关键词:发酵饲料;猪粪;堆肥;纤维素酶;枯草芽孢杆菌

中图分类号:S816.6文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2016)05-0111-05

Abstract To promote the combination of cropping and livestock farming, the effects of feed fermentation on enzyme activities in pig feces during anaerobic composting fermentation were investigated. The test contained three groups, the control group was feces of sows fed with dry mash, the group Ⅰ was feces added mixed bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum), and the group Ⅱ was feces of sows fed with wet diet anaerobically fermented by mixed bacteria. The feces were respectively anaerobically fermented after mixed with wheat shells. The results showed that feed fermentation increased the lactic acid bacteria contents in feed and fresh feces, while the E. coli contents decreased (P<0.01), and the cellulase activity increased (P<0.05). The variation trends of cellulase, protease and urease in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were similar during the composting process (P<0.05). The results indicated that feed fermentation affected the enzyme activities in composting, the feces of fermented feed was easy to compost and Bacillus subtilis might play a key role in the whole process of feed fermentation and composting fermentation.

Key words Feed fermentation; Pig feces; Composting; Cellulase; Bacillus subtilis

畜禽养殖业的发展在提高人们生活水平的同时所带来的养殖污染也日益引起人们的重视。畜禽粪便作为动物的排泄物,其组分及含量受饲料中蛋白质含量及益生菌的影响[1~3]。同时畜禽粪便含有作物生长所需的氮磷钾等多种营养元素和有机质,又是重要的有机肥资源,其变化还影响着粪肥等后续产品的加工及质量[4]。堆肥是常用的一种处理粪便的方法,通过堆肥可实现畜禽粪便无害化和有机肥生产的统一,是养殖业和种植业的对接技术之一。从饲料生产这一源头开始研究饲料对粪便堆肥的影响有助于养殖、种植业的结合。

饲料中添加外源菌厌氧发酵后,有益菌扩繁,淀粉酶、蛋白酶等酶活升高,猪生产性能提高,猪粪中的菌群发生变化,粪便中氮磷被降解及减排,臭味降低[5,6]。饲料发酵对粪便堆肥的影响尚不清楚。由于饲料发酵及堆肥发酵都是在微生物作用下完成的,饲料发酵中的微生物可能通过微生物自身或微生物分泌的酶制剂等产物影响着体外猪粪的堆积发酵。……

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