王政 王学杰 王崇玉

摘 要： 对比分析了云烟97在1 400、1 700、2 000 m不同海拔高度下多种农艺性状生长发育差异，结果表明：随着海拔高度的增加，云烟97的各生育期明显推迟，移栽后烟株的株高、叶数、茎围、叶面积的生长均表现为“前期慢、中期快、后期慢”的变化规律，30～75 d为多数农艺性状的迅速增长期。云烟97的株高、叶数、叶面积和茎围增长速率随海拔增高而减慢。除茎围外，不同海拔高度烟株的株高、叶数和叶面积在移栽后不同时期增长率差异明显，株高增长率在移栽后30～75 d差异最大，叶数和叶面积在移栽后15～60 d增长最快。该研究为制定更合理的区域生产管理措施提供理论参考依据。

关键词：烤烟；海拔；生长发育；叶面积

中图分类号：S572.01文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）05-0035-04

Abstract In this paper， the growth and development differences of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 97 under different altitudes of 1 400， 1 700 m and 2 000 m were compared in Qiaojia County of Yunnan Province. The results showed that altitude had significant influences on the growth and development of Yunyan 97. With the increase of altitude， the growth periods delayed obviously. The plant height， leaf number， stem circumference and leaf area of Yunyan 97 exhibited a typical slow-fast-slow change rule after transplanting， and the stage from 30 to 75 days after transplanting was the rapid growth period for most agronomic characters. The growth rates of plant height， leaf number， stem circumference and leaf area of Yunyan 97 decreased with the increase of altitude， and those under 1 400 m performed the best. Except for the stem circumference， the growth rates of plant height， leaf number and leaf area varied markedly after transplanting under three altitudes， among which， the difference of stem length growth rate was the highest during 30 to 75 days after transplanting， and the leaf number and leaf area increased the fastest during 15 to 60 days after transplanting.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco； Altitude； Growth and development； Leaf area

气象条件是影响烟草生长发育和产质量的重要因素，大田生长期烟株的生长特征因所处的气候环境不同表现出明显差异[1～4]。海拔高度对气候环境的影响显著，各类气象因子在不同海拔高度具有梯度性变化。随着海拔高度增大，气温、积温降低，太阳辐射量增大，降雨量增加，空气湿度增大[5～9]。胡元才、马剑雄等研究指出，海拔高度对烟草的生育期有较大的影响，随着海拔的增高，烟草的大田生育期和成熟期逐渐延长[10，11]。吴杰等研究认为，烟株主要农艺性状从海拔梯度上看，在低海拔区域较高海拔区域具有更多的叶片数、更粗的茎围[12]。史宏志等对不同海拔高度白肋烟的生长特点研究发现，随着海拔高度的增加，烟株生长发育变慢，生育期增长，叶面积变小[13]。……