黄淮海地区主栽大豆品种耐涝性比较研究
2016-05-14王彩洁李伟张礼凤张彦威徐冉
王彩洁 李伟 张礼凤 张彦威 徐冉



摘 要:选取齐黄34等黄淮海地区推广的10个大豆品种,研究其苗期、花期和全生育期的耐涝性。结果显示,苗期、花期和全生育期淹水对大豆生长发育均造成一定影响,具体表现为叶片黄化、株高降低、生长发育延后、主根腐烂、不定根代替主根行使功能、产量降低、品质下降等,其中花期和全生育期淹水对产量影响大,苗期影响较小。在所有供试品种中,齐黄42对三个时期淹水的抗性较好,齐黄34和中黄37对花期淹水和全生育期淹水的抗性较好,冀豆17和郑92116三个时期的抗涝性较差。
关键词:大豆;耐涝性;苗期;花期;全生育期
中图分类号:S565.102文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2016)05-0023-05
Abstract Ten soybean cultivars popularized in Huanghuaihai Valley region were used in the experiment, and their waterlogging tolerances at seedling, flowering and the whole growth stages were evaluated. The results showed that there were all certain influences on soybean growth when waterflooding at seedling, flowering and the whole growth stages. The leaves got yellow, the plant height decreased, the growth delayed, the main root rotted, which was replaced by adventitious roots for performing function, and the yield and quality declined. Among which, waterflooding at flowering and the whole growth stages had greater effects on yield. In all the experimental cultivars, Qihuang 42 had better tolerance to waterflooding at three stages, Qihuang 34 and Zhonghuang 37 possessed stronger tolerance to waterflooding at flowering and the whole growth stages, while Jidou 17 and Zheng 92116 owned the weakest waterflooding tolerance at three stages.
Key words Soybean; Waterlogging tolerance; Seedling stage; Flowering stage; Whole growth stage
大豆(Glycine max)是我国重要的油料作物。黄淮海地区大豆种植面积占全国大豆面积的40%,多为夏大豆。大豆生长期间降雨集中,常有暴雨大暴雨发生,大豆从萌发、营养生长到产量形成阶段均可能发生涝渍,导致减产甚至绝收,严重影响大豆生产。因此研究不同时期淹水对大豆生长及其产量品质的影响,筛选可在湿涝土壤上生长的抗性大豆品种具有重要意义。
Hou等(1991)[3]在25℃下对730份大豆材料进行种子淹水处理,发现其耐淹性差异很大。王芳等(2007)[13]以相对死苗率为鉴定指标,对不同来源的栽培大豆和野生材料进行了苗期耐淹性盆栽鉴定试验。Scott等(1990)[7]对大豆V1期,董钻(2000)[11]对V1、V4期,Githiri 等(2006)[1]对V3期,Oosterhuis等(1990)[5]对V4期,Shannon等(2005)[8]对R1期,Beuerlein等(1994)[9]对R1~R4期,Isism等(2015)[10]对R2期大豆的耐涝性进行研究,结果表明不同时期淹水对大豆生长及其产量影响不同,在相同受害时间条件下,生殖生长时期淹水对大豆产量影响比营养生长时期更严重。……
