张安盛 毛晓红 于毅 周仙红 庄乾营

摘 要：通过室内PCR检测和日光温室定点调查，研究了棕榈蓟马对番茄斑萎病毒的传毒特征、番茄斑萎病毒病发生与棕榈蓟马种群动态的关系。结果表明，用带毒菜椒植株饲喂健康棕榈蓟马若虫24～96 h，棕榈蓟马带毒率达15.00%～18.33%，带毒棕榈蓟马成虫取食健康菜椒植株12～48 h，其理论传毒效率可达36.37%～59.10%，表明棕榈蓟马若虫具有一定获毒能力，其成虫具有一定传毒能力； 4月下旬之前，棕榈蓟马成虫数量较低，病毒病没有发生；4月下旬～5月中旬，棕榈蓟马成虫数量略有提高，病毒病开始出现，但菜椒植株带毒率较低；5月下旬～6月初，棕榈蓟马成虫数量增长迅速，菜椒植株带毒率亦呈快速增长状态，表明菜椒植株带毒率与棕榈蓟马成虫密度密切相关，且病毒病的发生具有一定滞后性。

关键词：棕榈蓟马；番茄斑萎病毒；传毒特征；发生关系

中图分类号：S436.412.2+9文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）05-0098-04

Abstract The transmission characteristics of Tomato spotted wilt virus （TSWV） by Thrips palmi and the relationship between the occurrence of TSWV and the population dynamics of T. palmi were studied by point-survey in solar greenhouse and PCR detection in the lab. The results showed that the virus carrying rate of T. palmi was 15.00%～18.33% when the healthy T. palmi nymphs were fed on viruliferous sweet pepper plants for 24～96 hours，and the theoretical virus transmission efficiency of T. palmi adults were 36.37%～59.10% when the viruliferous T. palmi adults were fed on healthy sweet pepper plants for 12～48 hours， which indicated that the T. palmi nymphs had certain virus acquisition ability and the adults had certain virus transmission ability. The number of T. palmi adults was low and the TSWV had not occurred before the last ten days of April. The number of T. palmi adults increased slowly and the TSWV appeared but the viruliferous percentage of sweet pepper plant was low from the last ten days of April to the middle ten days of May. The number of T. palmi adults increased rapidly and the viruliferous percentage of sweet pepper plant enhanced rapidly as well from the last ten days of May to the earlier ten days of June. Therefore， the viruliferous percentage of sweet pepper plant was closely related to the population density of T. palmi adults and the occurrence of TSWV lagged behind the the appearance of T. palmi adults.

Key words Thrips palmi； Tomato spotted wilt virus； Transmission characteristics； Occurrence relationship

番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus，TSWV）属于布尼亚病毒科（Bunyaviridae）番茄斑萎病毒属（Tospovirus），可侵染蔬菜、花生、大豆等多种农作物，是世界十大危险性植物病毒之一[1]。番茄斑萎病毒病1915年在澳洲被首次发现，而后在欧洲、美洲和非洲等地暴发，造成辣椒、番茄等蔬菜重大损失，甚至绝产[2]。在我国，番茄斑萎病毒最早于1984年在广州花生植株上被发现[3]，而后在四川烟草上被报道[4]。自2000年起，该病毒病在云南省大面积危害，对该地区菜椒、番茄、烟草、花卉等作物生产造成重大损失[5～8]。2012年，番茄斑萎病毒病在北京市海淀区日光温室辣椒上发生[9]，2014～2015年课题组在山东省济南等地菜椒植株上发现疑似病株。……