APP下载

代谢综合征与肝胆恶性肿瘤相关性的Meta分析

2016-05-06

现代仪器与医疗 2016年2期
关键词:代谢综合征胆囊癌胆管癌

[摘 要] 目的:系统评价代谢综合征与肝胆恶性肿瘤相关性。方法:检索中国学术期刊网络出版总库和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、Pubmed、EMbase,收集有关代谢综合征与肝癌、胆囊癌、胆管癌关系的文献,检索时限均为从建库至2015年6月。由2名研究者根据纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献,提取资料,并在评价纳入文献方法学质量后,用Stata 11.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入8篇文献(5篇队列研究和3篇病例对照研究)Meta分析结果显示:代谢综合征患者的肝胆恶性肿瘤发生率高[RR=1.71,95%CI(1.42-2.06),P=0.000];分层分析发现,男性人群中,代谢综合征肝胆恶性肿瘤发生率高于对照组[RR=1.55,95%CI:(1.21,1.99),P=0.001],女性人群中,其合并效应量为[RR=1.48,95%CI(0.73,3.01),P=0.282),差异无统计学意义。结论:代谢综合征是肝胆恶性肿瘤发生的危险因素之一,且存在性别差异。

[关键词] 代谢综合征;肝癌;胆囊癌;胆管癌;Meta分析

中图分类号:R735 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-5200(2016)02-001-04

[Abstract] Objective:To evaluate the correlation between metabolic syndrome and hepatobiliary malignancy. Methods:Chinese Academic Journal Web Publishing Pool, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed and EMbase were searched, literature about the relationship between metabolic syndrome and liver cancer, gallbladder, and bile duct carcinoma were collected, and the retrieval time were all from building the database to June 2015. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 researchers screened the literatures independently, extracted data and evaluated methodological quality of the included studies, and used software of Stata 11.0 for Meta-analysis. Results:Eight documents were included (five cohort studies and 3 case-control studies), and the results of meta analysis showed that: Metabolic syndrome in patients with high incidence of liver cancer and gallbladder carcinoma [RR=1.71,95% CI (1.42-2.06), P=0.000]; stratified analysis found that, the incidence of liver cancer and gallbladder carcinoma of metabolic syndrome was higher than that of control group in the male[RR=1.55, 95% CI:(1.21,1.99),P=0.001], and that in the female was combined effect amount [RR=1.48,95% CI(0.73,3.01),P=0.282), and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions:The metabolic syndrome is one of the risk factors for liver and gallbladder malignancy, and there were gender differences.

[Key words] metabolic syndrome;liver cancer;gallbladder carcinoma;cholangiocarcinoma;meta

analysis

代谢综合征(Metabolic Syndrome,MS)是包括肥胖、糖耐量受损、血脂异常、高血压等一组高危因素的集合[1],是导致糖尿病、心脑血管疾病的危险因素[2]。近年来,国内外研究报道[3-6],MS与乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌、肝胆恶性肿瘤等恶性肿瘤发生相关。本研究将2015年6月之前中、英文文献中进行MS与肝癌、胆囊癌、胆管癌发病关系的对照研究及队列研究进行荟萃分析,为肝胆恶性肿瘤防控提供依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 纳入与排除标准

1)研究类型:病例对照研究及队列研究。2)研究对象:MS诊断标准符合公认标准;队列研究的研究人群必须是自然人群;病例对照研究病例组为肝胆恶性肿瘤患者,对照组为正常人群。3)暴露因素:MS。4)结局指标:研究人群随访期间肝胆恶性肿瘤的发生情况。

排除标准动物研究、综述、信息数据不全的文献、未设置对照组的文献。

1.2 检索策略

以MSAND(肝癌OR胆管癌OR胆囊癌)检索中国学术期刊网络出版总库和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),以(metabolic abnormalities OR metabolic syndrome)AND(cholangiocarcinoma OR hepatocellular carcinoma OR gallbladder carcinoma OR biliary tract cancer OR liver cancer)检索Pubmed、EMbase。所有检索策略通过预检索后确定,检索时间均为从建库至2015年6月,文献语种限定为中文和英文。

1.3 文献筛选和资料提取

由2名研究者对纳入资料独立进行资料提取和质量评价,然后交叉核对,如果遇到分歧则讨论解决或寻求第3人帮助。资料提取包括研究者姓名,研究发表年限,研究类型,病例特点,诊断,RR值或者OR值及95%CI。病例对照研究中的OR值用RR值表示[7]。

1.4 统计分析

采用Stata11.0软件进行Meta分析,计数资料采用相对危险度(RR)或比值比(OR),效应量采用95%CI表示。进行异质性检验,若α≥0.10,I2<50%采用固定效应模型,若α<0.10,I2≥50%时选择随机效应模型,通过敏感性分析及亚组分析探讨异质性来源。Egger's检验、Begg's检验纳入文献是否存在发表偏倚。

2 结果

2.1 文献检索结果及纳入研究的基本特征

初检出相关文献1119篇,经阅读文题和摘要,排除重复、非临床研究及无对照组研究,初筛获得49篇文献,进一步阅读全文,最终纳入8篇研究[8-15](包括5篇队列研究[8,12-15]及3篇病例对照研究[9-11],其中Russo[8]对肝癌、胆囊癌与MS的关系进行了逐一描述,elzel[11]分肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌分别对肝癌进行了描述。文献筛选流程及结果见图1。

2.2 纳入研究的基本特征及方法学质量评价

各纳入研究的基本特征见表 1,采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)标准[16]对纳入文献进行质量评价。总分大于或等于5分者,认为质量可靠。有3篇[9,10,13]评分在6分,5篇[8,11,12,14,15]7分。

2.3 Meta分析结果

2.3.1 MS与肝胆恶性肿瘤关系 纳入的8篇文献存在统计学异质性(I2 =78.7%,P=0.000),故采用随机效应模型。Meta分析结果显示(图2)MS是肝胆恶性肿瘤发生的危险因素[(RR=1.71,95%CI(1.42,2.06),P=0.000]。

2.3.2 性别、地域与肝胆恶性肿瘤发病风险 根据研究人群特点,进行分层分析,结果见表2。按性别分组,亚组分析结果显示:男性人群肝胆恶性肿瘤发病风险RR=1.55,女性发病风险RR=1.48。按地域分组分析结果显示:欧美人群RR=1.65,亚洲人群RR=1.92。

2.4 敏感性分析

将纳入的8篇文献,按性别、地域的不同,分亚组进行分析后,各亚组内异质性仍明显(见表2)。故采用逐一排除方法进行敏感性分析,结果发现剔除Welzel[11]的研究后行Meta分析提示 [RR=1.45,95%CI(1.33,1.67)P=0.000],与剔除前结果相似。异质性检验提示异质性明显下降(I2=49.5,P=0.07),上述结果表明本研究分析结果较为稳定可靠。

2.5 发表偏倚分析

用Stata软件漏斗图对称性检验对纳入文献进行发表偏倚评价,结果显示:Begg's test z=0.62,P=0.537(continuity coRRected),Egger's test t=-0.77,P=0.461。纳入文献不存在明显的发表偏倚。

3 讨论

MS聚集了多种心血管疾病的危险因素[17-19],流行病学调查显示[20],在美国成人中MS发病率高达25%,在中国发病率约为14%。MS发病基础是胰岛素抵抗,代谢异常可能导致一系列细胞因子变化,促使肿瘤细胞形成及发展。

本研究结果亦显示:MS为发生肝胆恶性肿瘤危险因素。肝胆恶性肿瘤的发生是一个多步骤复杂过程。中国是乙肝流行大国,肝炎病毒感染、肝硬化是肝癌发病的危险因素,但是很多患者并无感染史、饮酒史,却有MS的典型症状非酒精性脂肪肝。MS促进肝胆恶性肿瘤的机制可能与以下几个方面有关:1)胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症:有研究指出胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症是肝胆恶性肿瘤发生的重要因素。胰岛素和胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)可以激活胰岛素受体、IGF-1受体,诱发肿瘤细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡[21]。2)低脂联素血症:脂联素主要由脂肪组织分泌,具有增强胰岛素敏感性、抗炎症、抗动脉粥样硬化等多种作用,脂联素可通过多条信号通路抑制肿瘤细胞生长增殖、诱导癌细胞凋亡。研究证实[22]脂联素可以抑制肝癌细胞的增殖。3)胆囊肿瘤发生同胆结石密切相关:文献报道MS中肥胖、糖耐量受损、高脂血症等均为胆结石形成的危险因素[23-25]。故MS可能通过促进胆结石的形成,对肝胆恶性肿瘤的发生产生影响。4)炎症因子的异常调节:MS患者IL-6、TNF-α、瘦素蛋白等调节异常[26],实验证明,上述炎症介质可以作用于肝、胆细胞导致肿瘤发生[27]。

本研究发现男性与女性,欧美人群与亚洲人群MS者肝胆恶性肿瘤的发生率存在差异,但进一步研究需更多高质量的文献支持。

控制MS有预防和控制肝胆恶性肿瘤作用,进一步明确机制,寻找有效靶点有助于降低MS的风险。

参 考 文 献

[1] 房思思.代谢综合征发生及转归的影响因素分析[D].沈阳:中国医科大学,2014.

[2] 李玉莲.代谢综合征与急性脑血管病相关性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学医学院,2009.

[3] Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. The Expert Panel[J]. Arch Intern Med, 1988, 148(1):36-69.

[4] Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis[J]. Endocrine, 2014, 45(1):28-36.

[5] Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on prostate cancer risk: meta-analysis[J]. J Endocrinol Invest, 2013, 36(2):132-139.

[6] Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Menopause, 2013, 20(12):1301-1309.

[7] Hogue CJ, Gaylor DW, Schulz KF. Estimators of relative risk for case-control studies[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 1983, 118(3):396-407.

[8] Russo A, Autelitano M, Bisanti L. Metabolic syndrome and cancer risk[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2008, 44(2):293-297.

[9] Shebl F M, Andreotti G, Meyer T E, et al. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in relation to biliary tract cancer and stone risks: a population-based study in Shanghai, China[J]. Br J Cancer, 2011, 105(9):1424-1429.

[10] Turati F, Talamini R, Pelucchi C, et al. Metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma risk[J]. Br J Cancer, 2012, 108(1):222-228.

[11] Welzel TM, Graubard BI, Zeuzem S, et al. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of primary liver cancer in the United States: a study in the SEER-Medicare database[J]. Hepatology, 2011, 54(2):463-471.

[12] Borena W, Edlinger M, Bj?rge T, et al. A Prospective Study on Metabolic Risk Factors and Gallbladder Cancer in the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer (Me-Can) Collaborative Study[J]. PLOS ONE, 2014, 9(2):e89368.

[13] Osaki Y, Taniguchi S, Tahara A, et al. Metabolic syndrome and incidence of liver and breast cancers in Japan[J]. Cancer Epidemiol, 2012, 36(2):141-147.

[14] Inoue M, Noda M, Kurahashi N, et al. Impact of metabolic factors on subsequent cancer risk: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan[J]. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2009, 18(3):240-247.

[15] Borena W, Strohmaier S, Lukanova A, et al. Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults[J]. Int J Cancer, 2012, 131(1):193-200.

[16] Stang A.Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses[J].Eur J Epidemio,2010,125(9):603-605.

[17] Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome[J]. Diabetes Care, 2001, 24(4):683-689.

[18] Mottillo S, Filion KB, Genest J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010,56(14):1113-1132.

[19] Church TS, Thompson AM, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes, alone and in combination, as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men[J]. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32(7):1289-1294.

[20] Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey[J]. Diabetes Care, 2004, 27(27):2444-2449.

[21] GiovannucCI E. Metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and colon cancer: a review[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2007, 86(3):s836-s842.

[22] Bub JD, Toshiaki M, Yoshiki I . Adiponectin as a growth inhibitor in prostate cancer cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006, 340(4):1158-1166.

[23] Shebl F M, Andreotti G, Rashid A, et al. Diabetes in relation to biliary tract cancer and stones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China[J]. Br J Cancer, 2010, 103(1):115-119.

[24] Tao LY, He XD, Qu Q, et al. Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case control study in China[J]. Liver International, 2010, 30(2):215-221.

[25] Aune D, Norat T, Vatten L J. Body mass index, abdominal fatness and the risk of gallbladder disease[J]. Eur J Epidemiol, 2015, 30(9):1009-1019.

[26] Leu CM, Wong FH, Chang C, et al. Interleukin-6 acts as an antiapoptotic factor in human esophageal carcinoma cells through the activation of both STAT3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways[J]. Oncogene, 2003, 22(49): 7809-7818.

[27] Wong VW, Yu J, Cheng AS, et al. High serum interleukin-6 level predicts future hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. Int J Cancer, 2009, 124(12):2766-2770.

猜你喜欢

代谢综合征胆囊癌胆管癌
肝脏里的胆管癌
miR-142-5p通过CCND1调控胆囊癌细胞的增殖和转移
B7-H4在肝内胆管癌的表达及临床意义
血清脂联素、胰岛素抵抗与代谢综合征的相关性研究
CT及MRI对肝内周围型胆管癌综合诊断研究
自噬蛋白Beclin-1在胆囊癌中的表达及临床意义
CXCL12在胆管癌组织中的表达及意义
胆囊癌的治疗现状
SDF-1与VEGF在胆囊癌中的表达及其意义