ICU医院感染状况的调查及预防对策
2016-05-04王美玲
王美玲
【摘要】 目的 调查重症加强护理病房(ICU)医院感染状况, 探析预防ICU医院感染对策, 以降低医院感染率。方法 采用回顾性方法调查分析ICU收治的160 例患者临床资料, 并对医院感染的危险因素进行单因素分析。 结果 160例住院患者发生医院感染51例 , 感染率为31.9%, 感染部位以下呼吸道最多共99例, 占61.9%, 其次是泌尿道36例, 占22.5%, 伤口感染15例, 占9.4%;病理检出病原菌革兰阴性菌占60.0%, 革兰阳性菌占28.1%, 真菌占13.8%。结论 ICU医院感染率高主要与侵入性操作相关, 监测并及时准确获得ICU 医院感染动态变化, 制定有效干预措施, 从而使感染率得到有效控制。
【关键词】 重症监护病房;医院感染;调查;预防对策
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.11.216
Investigation and prevention countermeasures of nosocomial infection condition in ICU WANG Mei-ling. Emergency Room, Shandong Yantai City Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai 265200, China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate nosocomial infection condition in intensive care unit (ICU), and to analyze prevention countermeasures of nosocomial infection condition in ICU in order to reduce nosocomial infection rate. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 160 patients in ICU, and univariate analysis was made on risk factors of nosocomial infection. Results There were 51 cases with nosocomial infection in 160 patients, with the infection rate as 31.9%. There were 99 cases with lower respiratory tract as the main infection area, accounting for 61.9%, 36 cases with urinary tract, accounting for 22.5%, and 15 cases with wound infection, accounting for 9.4%. Pathological detection showed gram-negative bacteria as 60.0%, gram-positive bacteria as 28.1% and fungus as 13.8% among pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion High rate of nosocomial infection in ICU is mainly related with invasive operation. Monitoring and timely acquiring of dynamic change in nosocomial infection, and establishment of effective intervention measures can effectively control infection rate.
【Key words】 Intensive care unit; Nosocomial infection; Investigation; Prevention countermeasures
ICU是集中疑难重危病例进行病情监测和积极治疗的单位, 是医院内救治危重患者的重要场所, 其技术水平直接反映了医院的综合救治能力, 是现代化医院的重要标志[1]。ICU 患者由于身患重症, 抵抗力较差, 尤其是老年及婴幼儿患者, 多次接受接受侵入性操作等因素, 因而对外界适应能力弱, 是医院感染的高发区域。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选取本院2012年11月~2014年11月收治的160例ICU患者的临床资料。均符合医院感染诊断标准, 年龄8~97岁, 平均年龄(71.0±8.7)岁。
1. 2 方法 采用回顾性方法调查分析本院ICU收治的160例患者的临床资料, 具体包括:年龄、性别、基础疾病、住院时间、血管内置管、泌尿道置管、使用呼吸机、气管内插管、气管切开术、抗菌药物使用时间和免疫抑制剂使用时间等资料。并对医院感染的危险因素进行单因素分析。……
