齐蒙蒙，赖秀华，朱晓雯，李泽楷



应用Delphi法研制脑瘫儿童照顾者赋能量表

齐蒙蒙，赖秀华，朱晓雯，李泽楷

摘要：[目的]运用Delphi法研制脑瘫儿童照顾者赋能评价工具。[方法]拟定问卷进行专家函询，并对专家的积极性、权威性、专家意见协调性进行统计分析。[结果]共有15名专家参与函询，两轮函询的积极系数分别为88.24%和100.00%，专家平均权威系数为0.87；形成5个维度共32个条目的脑瘫儿童照顾者赋能量表。[结论]两轮专家函询结果可靠，为评估脑瘫儿童照顾者的赋能现状提供了量化可行的测量工具。

关键词：脑瘫；照顾者；德尔菲法；赋能；量表

To develop empowerment scale for cerebral palsy children by using Delphi method

Qi Mengmeng,Lai Xiuhua,Zhu Xiaowen,et al

(Medical College of Jinan University,The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University,Guangdong 510632 China)

AbstractObjective:Delphi method was used to develop the empowerment evaluation tool for caregivers of cerebral palsy children.Methods:The questionnaire was prepared for expert consultation,and to count the positive coefficient,authority coefficient of experts, and the degree of coordination of expert advice.Results:A total of 15 experts participated in letter consultation,the positive coefficient of two rounds of letter consultation were respectively 88.24% and 100.00%,average authority coefficient of experts was 0.87.Through two rounds of expert consultation,empowerment scale for cerebral palsy children including five dimensions and totally 32 items were formed.Conclusion:The results of the 2 rounds of expert letter consultation were reliable,and it provided a quantitative and feasible measurement tool for the assessment of the empowerment status quo of the cerebral palsy children.

Key wordscerebral palsy;caregiver;Delphy method;empowerment;scale

赋能是一个复杂的、多维度的概念[1]。作为一个过程，是识别、促进、提高人们利用资源解决自身问题的能力，以达到满足自我需要、实现自我控制的过程[2]。也有学者认为，赋能是一个过程和结果的综合体。作为一种结果，是指个体被赋予能力或力量的一种结局[3]。广义的赋能即是一个“使能够”的过程，通过这个过程，个体或群体获得控制其生活及环境的能力、能量和自信[4]。脑瘫是自受孕开始至婴儿期非进行性脑损伤和发育缺陷所导致的综合征，主要表现为运动障碍及姿势异常[5]。由于患儿的功能障碍，在照顾和养育的过程中，照顾者需承担比照顾正常儿童更多的挑战和压力。研究表明，照顾者多存在心悸、胸闷、眩晕感、头痛、记忆力下降、注意力不集中等症状和人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑等心理健康问题[6-8]。现有研究大多数关注照顾者的焦虑、抑郁、负担、需求等，对赋能在脑瘫儿童照顾者中的相关研究还较少，而符合我国文化背景下的脑瘫儿童照顾者赋能评价工具的研究更少。……