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★翻译研究★

藏区外宣翻译的策略研究

黄信

藏区外宣翻译是我国涉藏外宣的重要组成部分，是党和国家西藏工作的重要任务之一，事关国家形象与安全以及西部大开发的工作大局。做好藏区的外宣翻译，要求各工作者在外宣翻译中讲究策略，努力做到“三贴近”、坚持“内外有别”、注重“信息性”，坚持“政府主导”等外宣策略。具体而言就是要贴近藏区发展的实际、结合藏区丰富的外宣资源、关注境外受众对藏区的信息需求和思维习惯；在突出外宣信息性的基础上注意外宣的平衡性、事实性和准确性。同时，藏区的各级政府部门也要完善外宣机制、坚持政府主导的外宣翻译，形成“政府抓外宣，全民参与外宣”的良好局面。

藏区；外宣翻译；策略

【Abstract】The work of international publicity translation (IPT) in Tibetan areas is an important part of China's external publicity work of Tibet, as well a vital mission of Tibet, and to some degree is of significance to the Program of China Western Development, even to the good image and security of China. With the purpose to do a good job in IPT in Tibetan areas, all the translators or workers in their jobs should endeavor to do according to the following strategies: making the work so true to the development of Tibetan areas, integrating the abundant resources for IPT, differentiating the foreigners' differences in information needs and thought patterns, highlighting the balance, factuality, accuracy of information except for the informative character of IPT. Besides, the government departments at all levels in Tibetan areas also should perfect the IPT-work mechanism guided by the governments, in order to turn out a new leaf featured by "government as the leader, and people as the practitioner".

【Key words】Tibetan areas; IPT; strategy

一、引 言

早在20世纪50年代，美国传播学奠基人拉斯韦尔在《社会传播的结构与功能》(1948年)一书中就提出5W 传播模式，即：谁(Who)通过什么渠道(In Which Channel)对谁(To Whom) 说了什么(Say What) ，产生了什么效果(With What Effect)。德国翻译理论家威尔斯(Wolfram Wilss)也主张“翻译是一种语言行为和抉择密切相关的语际信息传递方式。”[1]20世纪末，国内著名学者吕俊教授(1997年)将翻译学置于传播学的理论框架下进行考察，认为翻译尤其是外宣翻译是传播学的一个分支，它由“传播主体、传播内容、传播渠道、传播对象、传播目的、传播场合、传播效果等7个要素构成传播全过程的整体。”[2]这七个相互联系、彼此制约的要素与传播学奠基人拉斯韦尔的5W 传播模式极为相似。外宣翻译以外国人为受众对象，必须借助外国语言文字才能将语际信息传播出去。……