韩志毅

（苏州工业园区职业技术学院国际学院，江苏苏州，215123）



概念隐喻视阈下的英语虚拟语气动词用法研究

韩志毅

（苏州工业园区职业技术学院国际学院，江苏苏州，215123）

［摘要］本文将语用学指示语研究中的心理距离与认知语言学的概念隐喻理论相结合，构建出基于心理距离的隐喻映射模式，对虚拟语气动词时态用法的内在机制做出解释。这一模式包括时态域与心理状态域两个认知域，而虚拟语气中的动词时态表现，实际上是对人们在使用虚拟表达时的心理状态的一种隐喻现象。在Were-型虚拟语气中，时态域中的现在时、过去时之间的心理距离，作为距离意象图式被跨域映射到心理状态域中真实与非真实之间的内部结构。在此模式基础之上，作者又提出时态潜势的概念，对Be型虚拟语气的隐喻映射模式做出阐释。

［关键词］概念隐喻；心理距离；虚拟语气；动词时态

Research on Verb Usages in English Subjunctive Mood from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

HAN Zhi-yi
(International School,Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Vocational Technology, Suzhou215123, Jiangsu)

［Abstract］This paper combines the psychological distance employed in deixis study in Pragmatics and the Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Cognitive Linguistics to construct the metaphor model based on psychological distance, which macroscopically provides a new explanatory approach to the problem regarding the choice of verb tenses in English subjunctive mood, with a view to exploring the internal mechanisms of the verb usage in this special grammar phenomenon. The basic model is composed of tense domain and psychological state domain, and we argue that the manifestation of verb tenses in subjunctive mood is actually a metaphor relevant to people's psychological state when subjunctive expression is produced. In Were-subjunctive expressing the figment in the present time, the psychological distance between present tense and past tense in the tense domain, serving as the DISTANCE image schema, is mapped onto the distance between reality and unreality in psychological state domain. Based on this basic model, this article further provides the past tense model used to interpret the Were-subjunctive that describes the assumption in the past time. And then the concept of tense potential is put forward to elucidate the metaphorical mapping model in Be-subjunctive mood in which the base form of a verb is used.

［Key words］conceptual metaphor; psychological distance; subjunctive mood; verb tense

虚拟语气一直是英语学习和研究的焦点之一，对于中国学习者来说，由于汉语中没有以屈折变化为标志的动词时态，所以当遇到英语中以动词过去式或原形表示“非真实”概念或意义时，学习者往往不明就理，出现误用或乱用。那么英语虚拟语气中动词非常规用法的内在机制是什么？能否从语言学角度对这类用法做出阐释并找到更易于学生理解的解释方法？针对这些问题，也曾有学者从概念整合及心智空间等角度对虚拟语气动词用法做过解释，但尚未有对两种虚拟式（Be-型虚拟式和WERE-型虚拟式）动词机制作出较为全面的阐释。……