■李芳萍吴军民赖水源赖建宁

农村贫困残疾人家庭住房保障问题研究
——基于江西省9县区的抽样调查

■李芳萍1吴军民2赖水源1赖建宁1

如何有效解决贫困残疾人家庭的住房困难一直是我国农村社会保障政策关注的焦点。通过对江西省四市9县区755位残疾人的问卷调查，分析农村住房社会保障的现状与问题，探讨完善农村贫困家庭住房保障制度的途径、方法。调查发现，农村贫困残疾人家庭住房保障存在人均住房面积远低于平均水平，现有农村住房制度设计未能提供有效保障，住房质量不高、满意度低，农村危房改造指标和资金严重不足等问题。研究认为，既有住房保障方式为建立农村住房社会保障提供了坚实基础，并提出强化分类管理、精准施策、开展农村保障性住房试点、多渠道筹集住房保障资金和严把住房保障建设质量关等政策建议。

农村贫困残疾人；农村住房社会保障；住房满意度；宅基地

【Abstract】How to effectively solve the housing difficulties of the rural poor families with disabled persons is the focus of rural social security policy.This article analyzes the status and problems of rural housing security，and explores the approaches and methods to improve the rural housing security.The survey finds some housing problems exist in rural poor families with disabled persons，including living space per capita below average，inadequate housing protection，low housing quality and satisfaction，a severe shortage of both indicators and funds for the renovation of old and dilapidated houses and so on.The study points out that the existing housing security system lays a solid foundation for constructing rural housing security and it also puts forward suggestions as follows: strengthening classified management； implementing policies exactly； carrying out the pilot rural housing security； raising funds through multi channels； and monitoring the quality of rural security housing.

【Key words】Rural poor families persons with disabilities； Rural housing security； Housing satisfaction；Residence base

前言

长期以来，我国实行城乡二元化的住房保障制度。在城市，政府建立起了以公积金、廉租房、经济适用房、限价房和公共租赁房等不同类型、不同层次的住房保障制度体系。但在农村，自20世纪60年代以来我国农村住房制度没有实质性的变革，一直延续的是以宅基地制度为基础的农村住房保障制度和针对五保户的住房救助制度。从一定程度上来说，宅基地也是一种住房保障，只不过是一种住宅建设用地的保障，或者说是一种低层次、间接的住房保障手段，并非真正意义上的农村住房保障制度［1］。……