■刘艳虹吴曼曼邹酬云杨泰峰王师军冷新雪

北京市残疾人教育状况的调查研究*

■刘艳虹1吴曼曼1邹酬云1杨泰峰2王师军2冷新雪2

本研究依据2015年北京市残疾人基本状况与需求专项调查和补充调查数据，对北京市残疾人教育基本情况进行分析，结果发现有62.3%的学龄前残疾儿童被安置于特殊教育和普通教育机构；义务教育阶段有71.4%在不同教育机构接受教育，28.6%没有在校接受教育，其中70%的未在校残疾儿童希望能“送教上门”；15岁及以上残疾人接受教育比例为86.6%。虽然北京市残疾人教育发展迅速，但与健全人相比，存在受教育水平较低、发展不均衡、早期教育环节薄弱等问题，送教上门服务工作的主要困难是政策不完善和专业教师少等。针对这种现状，作者提出一系列政策建议：拓展残疾儿童受教育机会及完善融合教育的支持体系，以ICF-CY为导向构建“医教”结合的特殊教育模式，通过加强联盟协作完善送教上门的工作体系及借鉴国际经验提升残疾人高等的融合教育发展等。

残疾人；教育安置；教育需求；送教上门

【Abstract】The study analyses the basic educational situation of persons with disability in Beijing city which is based on the data of both special and additional investigations on general conditions and needs of persons with disability in 2015.It finds that 62.3% preschoolers with disability obtain schooling either at special education institutions or at general education agencies.During the period of compulsory education，71.4% children with disability receive education in different schools and 28.6% don’t attend school at all，in which 70% of the children who do not go to school hope to get home delivery teaching.The proportion of education for the persons with disability at the age of 15 or above is 86.6%.Though education for the persons with disability has developed rapidly in Beijing，compared with the education of the physically healthy，there are problems such as lower educational level，imbalance of development，weak in early schooling，imperfection and lack of professional teachers in home delivery teaching.Taking the above situation into consideration，the author puts forward the following proposals: provide children with disability more opportunities and perfect the supporting system for integrated education； construct a special education model with medical and educational combination under the guidance of ICF—CY； better the system of home delivery teaching through cooperation and promote the development of advanced integrated education by learning from international experience.

【Key words】Persons with disabilities； Educational placement； Educational needs； Home delivery teaching

公平正义是人类永恒的追求，其中教育公平是公平正义的基本内容和前提。教育公平是指每个社会成员在享有教育资源时受到公正和平等的对待，是社会公平价值在教育领域的延伸和体现，也是达到社会公平的重要手段和途径。教育公平的内涵主要包括人人享有平等教育权利，人人平等享有公共教育资源，公共教育资源配置向社会弱势群体倾斜等［1］。……