杨献学++张庆++夏闽++邓克军++李陆浩

摘 要：针对重型特种车摆臂支架，通过建立整车多体动力学模型，计算得到了摆臂支架在车辆满载、紧急制动和超载工况下的受力。采用变密度法对摆臂支架展开了以结构加权应变能（weighted compliance）最小为优化目标，结构位移、体积分数、应力和拔模方向为约束条件的结构拓扑优化设计，并对优化后的摆臂支架进行多工况条件下的强度计算。结果表明，在结构静强度满足设计要求的同时，优化后摆臂支架的质量降低了20.6%，同时实现了摆臂支架结构一体化铸造加工的目标。

关键词：特种车；摆臂支架；拓扑优化；有限元分析

中图分类号：[TJ812+.6]文献标文献标识码：A文献标DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2016.01.05

Abstract：Based on the established multibody dynamics model of a heavy vehicle， the loads applied on the swinging arm bracket were calculated under full-load， braking and overload conditions. Then， research on topology optimization design of swinging arm bracket was conducted， regarding the minimum weighted compliance as optimization objective and the structural displacement， volume fraction， stress and machining technology as constraints. Furthermore， the stresses of the bracket under different loading conditions were also calculated in order to verify the structural strength. The analysis results show that the optimized swinging bracket not only satisfies the structural strength requirement， but also realizes the goal of molten manufacture of the swinging arm bracket， with the benefit of 20.6% weight loss.

Keywords：heavy launch vehicle； swinging arm bracket； topology optimization； finite element analysis

摆臂支架是重型特种车底盘的重要结构件，起到连接车轮总成与车架纵梁的作用。一方面，车辆的所有负载都将直接通过摆臂支架传递给车轮，实现车轮对整个车辆的承载。同时，车轮在不平路面激励和制动工况下所承受的载荷也将通过摆臂支架传递给车架纵梁。因此，摆臂支架是重型特种车底盘重要的承力结构件，载荷环境十分恶劣，其结构设计的优劣将影响底盘结构整体的可靠性和安全性。

本文研究的底盘摆臂支架原结构采用多片钢板焊接工艺，焊接完成的摆臂支架结构安装到车架后往往还需要对摆臂销孔等进行二次机加工，既降低了底盘装配效率，也影响了结构装配精度。此外，焊接式摆臂支架还会影响到车架纵梁的结构形式及布置，影响主减速器等结构的拆装及可维修性，带来了诸多弊端。……