甲状腺功能亢进的三种治疗方法选择
2016-03-07何双涛张进安
何双涛+张进安
摘 要 甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)是常见的内分泌代谢性疾病,其中最常见的病因是Graves病(GD)。GD的治疗主要有抗甲状腺药物、131I以及手术治疗三种方法。抗甲状腺药物和131I是目前治疗甲亢的常用方法,而手术治疗较少用。抗甲状腺药物因为治愈率较低及存在不良反应,在北美不作首选治疗,而在欧洲和亚洲则使用相对较多。在北美首选131I治疗甲亢,但引起的甲状腺功能减退常见,另外还有引起突眼或加重突眼的风险。在我国,131I治疗甲亢渐成趋势,但是以何种方法作为甲亢首选治疗,目前尚无共识。本文将着重介绍三种治疗GD的方法。
关键词 甲状腺功能亢进 抗甲状腺药物 手术
中图分类号:R581.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)02-0011-03
Three treatment options for hyperthyroidism
HE Shuangtao, ZHANG Jinan
(Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China)
ABSTRACT Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disease, and the most common cause is Graves disease (GD). The anti-thyroid drugs (ATD), 131I and surgery are three main methods for the treatment of GD. Among them, ATD and 131I are commonly used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, while the surgical treatment is less used. It is not the first choice for ATD in North America because of the low cure rate and existence of adverse reactions, but it is more welcomed in Europe and Asia. The hyperthyroidism treatment with 131I is the first choice in North America, however, it inevitably causes hypothyroidism and may induce or aggravates the exophthalmos. In our country, the 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism becomes more and more popular, but as yet there is no consensus which method is the first choice. This article focuses on the introduction of the three methods for the treatment of GD.
KEY WORDS hyperthyroidism; anti-thyroid drugs; surgery
甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)指甲状腺激素合成和分泌增高导致以神经、循环、消化等系统兴奋性增高和代谢亢进为主要表现的一组临床综合征。甲亢最常见的病因是Graves病(GD),占所有甲亢的80%~85%[1]。GD是一种自身免疫性疾病,是患者体内的促甲状腺激素(TSH)受体抗体(TRAb)刺激甲状腺细胞上的TSH受体,引起甲状腺激素生成和释放增多所致[2]。GD可发生于任何年龄段,但多见于30~50岁女性,女性与男性的发病比例为5~10∶1[3]。GD在我国的患病率和发病率较高,是目前常见的内分泌代谢性疾病之一。我国的一项前瞻性研究对轻度碘缺乏地区、碘充足地区和碘过量地区的14周岁及以上社区人群进行了筛查和随访,显示三个地区GD的患病率分别为1.4%、1.3%和1.1%,5年累积发病率分别为0.8%、0.6%和0.6%,患病率和发病率与碘摄入量无关[4]。……
