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129例预防接种不良反应报告分析评估

2016-03-07程莉莉

上海医药 2016年2期

程莉莉

摘 要 目的:分析我中心预防接种不良反应(AEFI)的发生规律及特点,评价疫苗的安全性。方法:收集2012—2014年上报的129例预防接种不良反应报告,数据以EPIDate和SPSS软件进行相关分析和筛选,对AEFI报表进行分析评估。结果:AEFI报告主要来源计划免疫接种的病例,涉及12种疫苗,其中白喉百日咳破伤风联合疫苗的AEFI发生率居首位,依次为流脑和乙脑。根据预防接种后不良反应的表现,一般反应108例,异常反应21例,未发生偶合事件和死亡事件。结论:应加强和重视社区预防接种不良反应的监测工作,建立和完善规范化的预防接种不良反应监测系统,减少预防接种不良反应的发生。

关键词 预防接种 不良反应 监测

中图分类号:R186 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)02-0060-03

Analysis and assessment of the reports of 129 adverse events following immunization

CHENG Lili

(Fenglin Community Health Servce Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the occurrence regularity and characteristic of the adverse events following immunization(AEFI) and evaluate the safety of vaccines. Methods: The reported 129 AEFI were collected from 2012 to 2014 and the data were analyzed and screened with EPIDate and SPSS software and the reports were analyzed and evaluated. Results: The main resource of the AEFI reports were from the EPI, the AEFI involved 12 vaccines, the incidence of AEFI in the first place was diphtheria tetanus pertussis combination vaccine, followed by meningitis and encephalitis. According to the AEFI manifestation, there were 108 cases of generally reaction, 21 cases of abnormal reaction, coupling events and deaths did not occur. Conclusion: The community AEFI monitoring should be strengthened and attention should be paid to, the standardization AEFI monitoring system should be established and improved to reduce the occurrence of AEFI.

KEY WORDS immunization; adverse reaction; monitoring

预防接种是人类抵制传染病侵袭最重要、最经济、最有效、最方便的措施,也是一个国家经济和科学技术发展乃至公共卫生形象的具体表现。随着国家不断扩大儿童免疫规划接种疫苗种类和范围,儿童在预防接种过程中可能发生的疑似预防接种不良反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)有增高的趋势。为做好社区医疗机构预防AEFI信息反馈工作,了解我中心AEFI的发生规律及特点,对2012—2014年129例AEFI报告进行回顾性分析和评估。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

资料来源于中心2012—2014年上报国家药物不良反应监测中心AEFI的报表以及接种者及家长的主动报告和接种者主动到医院就诊的报告,在16 682名受种对象中确定被调查对象为0~6岁儿童129名,其中女性98例,男性31例;0~24个月79例(61.2%),25~48个月37例(28.7%),4~6岁13例(10.0%)。……

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