李　悦

南开大学,天津300071

思想文化探赜

钟嵘《诗品》对陶渊明的品第定位

李悦

南开大学,天津300071

作为我国现存最早诗歌评论专著,钟嵘在《诗品》中关于诗人的品评定位对后世产生了极大的影响.而书中关于陶渊明诗歌品第的定位及论证,也引起了极大的争议,后世学人对此问题的研究角度也多种多样.而探究钟嵘的诗学理想和文学观便不难发现其对五言诗的艺术理想和要求在于"文"与"质"的统一以及"雅"与"怨"的统一.陶渊明诗歌在创作水平上并未达到钟嵘所期待的风力与丹彩的结合,距离"体被文质"的要求尚有词彩平淡、表现力欠缺方面的差距.而从宗源出处看,"李陵-曹丕-应璩-陶渊明"这一线的脉络可知,钟嵘将陶诗列为中品是合乎逻辑的.由此看来,钟嵘将陶渊明列入中品,是一个时代的审美情趣与钟嵘个人诗学理想、诗歌审美角度相融合的产物.

钟嵘诗学理想;陶渊明诗歌;宗源;品第

[Abstract]As China's earliest poetry comment monograph,the rating positioning from"Shi Pin" by Zhong Rong had a great impact on later generations.However,the positioning and argument on Tao Yuanming's poems caused great controversy and the research angles from later scholars are diverse. The artistic vision and claims in Five-character poems can easily be found in Zhong Rong's poetics ideal and literary concept,that is,the unification of"style"and"content"and the unification of "elegance"and"simpleness".Tao Yuanming's poems did not reach the integration of strength and magnificent style expected by Zhong Rong.Also,there was a gap with dull words and the lack of expressions from the requirements of"the combination of style and content",Based on the provenance from"Li Ling-Cao Pi-Ying Qu-Tao Yuanming",it is found logical for Zhong Rong to rank Tao's poems as intermediate,which is the product of an era integrating the aesthetic taste with Zhong Rong's personal poetics ideal and aesthetic view.

[Key words]ZHong Rong's poetic ideal;Tao Yuan-ming's poems;provenance;literary ranks

钟嵘所著《诗品》,是我国现存最早的一部关于诗歌评论专著.这部书分上中下三品,品评了自汉末至齐梁时期共一百二十三位诗人.钟嵘本着"溯留别"、"掎摭利病"、"显优劣"的原则,以"列品第"的方法,指出其各自特点和创作水准.钟嵘在《诗品.序》中说:"一品之中,略以世代为先后,不以优劣为诠次.又其人既往,其文克定,今所寓言,不录存者.夫属词比事,乃为通谈.若乃经国文符,应资博古;撰德驳奏,宜穷往烈."阐明了甄选诗人的准则和同一品第内排列顺序……