张　建

中国政法大学,北京100088

法律法规探赜

论中国仲裁国际化发展方向及其演进规律

张建

中国政法大学,北京100088

中国仲裁在发展中愈发受到国际主流争议解决实践的影响,这既体现在近几年国内机构修订仲裁规则的具体考量中,也体现在国内企业选择境外机构仲裁的司法处理上.国际仲裁的中国化不仅凸显在市场竞争上,中国成功的典型仲裁实践也开始被各国所接纳.在国际化与中国化的进程中,既要把握仲裁的天然优势所在,又要慎重思考仲裁发展中的疑难困惑以及"非当地化"理论的渗透.我国仲裁机构可考虑探索扩张管辖投资者与东道国之间的投资仲裁案件,以主导国际投资规则的解释权.

商事仲裁;国际化;非当地化;投资者与东道国争端

[Abstract]The development of Chinese arbitration is increasingly influenced by the practices of international dispute resolution,which reflected not only on the specific measures taken by domestic institutions in the revision of the arbitration rules,but also on that judicial conduct of the Chinese enterprises inclined to choose foreign arbitration institutions.The Chinization of international arbitration is not only obvious on the market competition,but some of Chinese successful practices have been adopted by other nations.During the process of internationalization and chinization,we need to grasp the natural advantages of arbitration,and try to deal with the solution to the difficult problems and the intervention of delocalization theory.Chinese arbitration institutions may try to enlarge their jurisdiction to include investor-state disputes in order to lead the interpretation of international investment rules.

[Key words]commercial arbitration;internationalization;delocalization;investor-state disputes

一、中国仲裁国际化定位及必要性

国际贸易与跨境投资的快速发展,使得采用国际商事仲裁方式解决国际贸易纠纷逐渐得到重视,并被商人团体广为接受.商事领域与法律界多主张,仲裁相较于法院诉讼之所以发展愈来愈快,在于其争议解决的经济、公允、迅速,而这三点正符合当今国际商业社会之需要.此外,早自中世纪,国际贸易社会即因循交易需要订立大量的习惯法、惯例法,乃至成型的"商人法",这类规则明显脱离于纯粹的国内法规范束缚而相对独立,尽管在主权概念兴起后商人法曾被并入国内商法范畴,但在二战后,联合国国际贸易法委员会等国际组……