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63例中低位直肠癌保肛术的临床疗效分析

2016-02-05李海靖

中国卫生标准管理 2016年6期
关键词:手术

李海靖



63例中低位直肠癌保肛术的临床疗效分析

李海靖

【摘要】目的 探讨中低位直肠癌保留肛门术式的安全性和可行性。方法 对63例中下段直肠癌患者按直肠癌根治原则行全直肠系膜切除(TME),盆腔侧壁淋巴结清扫,然后施行Dixon手术,对手术方法、术后并发症、术后肛门功能恢复情况等进行评价。结果 63例患者术后未发生吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄及大便失禁现象。术后早期排便次数较多,6~10次/d,服止泻药后能有效控制排便次数。患者随诊均超过3年。3年以上无瘤生存率88%(56/63),5年以上无瘤生存率76%(48/63)。局部复发率17.4%(11/63),3年内局部复发6.3%(4/63)。3年的肝转移率4.7%(3/63)。结论 直肠癌切除,采用直肠肛管Dixon术,可避免结肠造口,有效防止吻合口瘘,是一种安全有效的直肠癌保肛术式。

【关键词】中低位直肠癌保留肛门术式;安全性;探析

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of the anus preserving operation for middle and low rectal cancer. Methods 63 cases of middle and lower rectal cancer patients according to the rectal cancer radical principle for total mesorectal excision(TME)and pelvic side wall of lymph node dissection,and then in the implementation of Dixon surgery. Operative methods,postoperative complications,postoperative anal function recovery were evaluated. Results No anastomotic leakage,anastomotic stricture and fecal incontinence occurred in 63 patients after operation. Early postoperative defecation times were more, 6~10/d,taking angidiarrheal can effectively control the defecation frequency. All patients were followed up for more than 3 years. More than 3 years disease-free survival rate was 88%(56/63),more than 5 years disease-free survival rate was 76%(48/63). The local recurrence rate was 17.4%(11/63),local recurrence within 3 years 6.3%(4/63). 3 years of liver metastasis rate was 4.7% (3/63). Conclusion Resection of rectal cancer,using the anorectal Dixon operation,colostomy can be avoided,effective to prevent anastomotic fistula,it is a safe and effective rectal cancer operation.

【Key words】Preserving operation for middle and low rectal cancer, Safety,Analysis

直肠癌(rectal cancer)是胃肠道中常见的恶性肿瘤,肿瘤距离肛缘(或齿状线)<6 cm,其发病率较高,是大肠癌中最为常见的癌症,好发于30~40岁人群。流行病学调查研究显示:直肠癌在癌症的发病排行榜中排名第二位,而且其是一种生活癌症,饮食结构、作息时间、生活方式等因素对直肠癌的发病有重要影响。在临床治疗中,普遍认为对于距离5~6 cm以内的直肠癌,手术中应切除肛门,并行人工肛门手术。但是有研究指出:直肠下段癌的淋巴转移一般向上,很少向侧方转移扩散,因此清除淋巴转移无需切除肛门。对于直肠癌向直肠远端浸润在1 cm以内,只需要切除远端2 cm的肠壁。不少学者认为:对于癌肿下缘距离齿状线>2 cm的直肠癌可行肛门保留术,反之则应行超低位全直肠切除术。……

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