康健街道中小学因病缺课网络直报分析

施燕

（上海市徐汇区康健街道社区卫生服务中心 上海 200233）

摘 要目的：了解上海市徐汇区康健街道中小学生缺课原因，以便有针对性地做好在校学生健康保健工作。方法：对康健街道内采用上海市学校因病缺课缺勤网络直报系统的10所学校报告缺课情况进行分析。结果：2013至2014学年康健街道内10所中小学校因病缺课网络直报总人次数为7 256人次，因病缺课总天数为12 828.5 d，因病缺课率为0.74%，主要缺课原因前4位顺序为上呼吸道感染（60.92%）、耳鼻喉疾病（10.62%）、胃肠道疾病（7.41%）和传染病（7.28%）。小学月平均因病缺课率为（1.62±0.83）%，高于中学的（0.67±0.23）%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.425，P＜0.01），缺课高峰出现在12月份和3月份。结论：学校可通过早期预警和及时干预加强对学生常见病的预防。

关键词因病缺课 中小学校 网络直报

Analysis of the direct network report of the absence due to illness in primary and middle schools in Kangjian Community

SHI Yan

(Kangjian Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China)

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the reasons of the students’ absence from classes due to illness to carry out the appropriate health care work for the students at the schools. Methods: The absence reported from 10 schools in Kangjian Community that used the Shanghai Students’ Health Surveillance Information System was analyzed. Results: From 2013 to 2014, the total number of the person times of the students’ absence due to illness reported by the direct network was 7 256 in ten schools in Kangjian Community, the total absent days were 12 828.5 days and its rate was 0.74%. The top 4 main reasons for the absence were respiratory disease (60.92%), otorhinolaryngologic disease (10.62%), gastrointestinal disease (7.41%), and infectious disease (7.28%) in succession. The average monthly rate of the absence due to illness in the primary school was 1.62 ± 0.83% which was higher than that in the high school 0.67±0.23% and the difference had the statistical significance (χ2=5.425, P<0.001). The absent peaks appeared in December and March. Conclusion: The prevention of the students from the common diseases should be strengthened through the early surveillance and timely intervention.

KEY WORDSabsence due to illness; primary and middle schools; direct network report

因病缺课是中小学生学习阶段常见的缺课原因，是反映学生健康状况和学校预防保健水平的重要指标[1]。本研究监测徐汇区康健社区中小学生学生因病缺课的病因和病种，以期能为在校学生制定各种疾病的防治措施提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

以徐汇区康健街道内10所中小学校的全体在校学生为对象，其中中学4所，人数为4 602名；小学6所，人数为4 537名，其中男生4 438名，女生4 701名。

1.2 方法

按照《上海市因病缺课缺勤监测方案》的规定，对上海市学校因病缺课、缺勤网络直报系统中的数据进行分析。监测时间为2013至2014学年（2013年9月至2014年6月），扣除节假日，共监测190 d。因病缺课是指：因疾病、伤害或不适症状而缺课，不包括办理休学手续者。……