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父权文化视阈下影响农村妇女参政的原因及对策

2016-01-12满先进吴俊明

满先进 吴俊明

摘 要:通过对安徽省宁国市农村妇女参政情况调研得知,当前农村妇女参政意识不强、参政水平不高、参政途径不畅、参政效能低下。有些学者对影响我国农村妇女参政原因的分析更多停留在表面,他们认为,其參政难的原因主要在于传统文化制约、妇女自身素质低下、法律保障不力及经济基础较差等方面。也有些学者从政治权力结构及社会性别分工理论的深层次角度进行分析,揭示了一些问题的本质,但其依然是问题表象。影响农村妇女参政的终极原因应是父权社会中以父权文化为中心的权力主导体系。

关键词:农村妇女;参政权;父权文化;宁国市

中图分类号:D5

文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-1101(2015)04-0047-06

Abstract: The investigation of rural women' participation in Ningguo city of Anhui province indicates such problems as rural women's weak participation consciousness, low level of participation, unsmooth way of participation, and inefficient paticipation and so on.Some scholars' analysis about the reasons affecting China's rural women's participation in politics remains superficial, regarding the major reason to be the restraint of the conventional culture, rural women's low quality, inadequate legal protection and poor economic foundation. Other scholars have also analyzed from the perspectives of political power structure and gender division of labor theory and made some results, yet still on the surface of the problem. This paper uncovers the ultimate cause affecting rural women's participation in politics lies in dominant power system with the center of the patriarchal culture in the patriarchal society.

Key words: rural women; participation in the political rights; the patriarchal culture; Ningguo city

当前,在市场经济浪潮的冲击下,大量农村地区的男性劳动力外出务工,流入到第二产业、第三产业中去,而村内人群主要以38(妇女)、61(儿童)、99(老人)为主,农村妇女成了农业的主力军,承担起了家务、耕种、子女教育等繁重劳动。作为农业生产主体地位的农村妇女却与农村政治主体地位相互脱节,其参政权的被代表、被剥夺、被形式化的现象屡见不鲜。农村生产力上的强者与乡村政治上的弱者身份集中于农村妇女一身,这种长短不一的左右手必然导致农村政治文明的步履维艰。马克思曾指出:“没有妇女的酵素就不可能有伟大的变革。社会的进步可以用女性的社会地位来精确地衡量。”[1]农村妇女仅在经济上辛苦劳作,而在政治上集体失语现象显然与马克思的社会进步理论背道而驰。……

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