符号与图像——试论语图关系研究的两种视野

段德宁

(南京大学 文学院，南京 210023)

摘要：在“文学终结论”与“图像化时代”的双重碰撞下,重新审视语言和图像之间的关系,成为我们建构一种“文学图像论”的理论基础。在一种符号的视野中,语言符号是实指的,图像符号则是虚指的。这是由于符号本身就预设了一种作为概念或者说意义的所指作为标准。从图像的视野重新审视二者,那么图像和语言在呈现表象方面一个是实显的、一个是虚显的,这无疑归结于图像意识类似于知觉的行为特点。符号和图像作为审视语言和图像关系的两种视野是相互关联不可分割的,它们共同展示了语言和图像这两者的本性与关系。

关键词:语言;图像;语图关系;图像意识

收稿日期：2015-03-11

基金项目：南京大学“985”项目“中国文学和图像关系史”

作者简介：段德宁,男,南京大学文学院文艺学博士研究生,主要从事文艺理论、语图关系理论研究。

中图分类号：I024文献标志码：A

Signs and Images

—Two Dimensions about the Relation between Language and Picture

DUAN De-ning

(SchoolofChineseLiterature,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210023,China)

Abstract:With the problems of ‘the predication of literature termination’ and ‘the image times’, the relation of language and picture is the foundation to talk about the ‘picture theory of literature’. From the dimension of signs, language is real reference and picture is phantom reference. Because the signs themselves have predetermined standards as referred concept or meaning. But from the dimension of image, picture is a real presentation and language is phantom presentation, because of the image-consciousness as a perceptual intuition. The two dimensions, as sign or image, are inseparable showing the characters of language and picture and bringing in the deep integration between them.

Key words: language; picture; the relation of language and picture; image-consciousness

语言和图像一直是人类认识和展现世界的两种方式,对于两者关系的探讨由来已久,尤其是对于分属两者的艺术形式——文学和绘画。在西方对此问题进行过细致而深入的探讨首推莱辛的《拉奥孔》。莱辛在《拉奥孔》中对诗画之间的界限进行了细致的划分,被米歇尔称为一种“文类的政治”,米歇尔指出“莱辛描写的空间艺术与时间艺术之间的隐喻界限与他在《拉奥孔》中勾画的欧洲文化地图具有直接的类比关系。……