基于PGIS的城市社区居民暴雨内涝灾害风险认知——以上海市普陀区金沙居委地区为例

张振国1,温家洪2

(1.大连民族大学 经济管理学院，辽宁 大连116605；2.上海师范大学 地理系，上海 200234)

摘要：以上海市普陀区金沙居委地区为例，运用PGIS方法对社区尺度的暴雨内涝灾害风险认知进行研究。结果表明：社区居民对暴雨内涝灾害风险的时间和空间特征认识较为准确,对暴雨内涝灾害风险的态度表现为家庭受到的影响程度，对暴雨内涝灾害风险的形成原因主要归为自然因素，基本没有认识到自然因素和人为因素的共同作用。

关键词：城市社区；暴雨内涝；风险认知；参与式GIS；上海

收稿日期：2015-04-10；最后修回日期：2015-04-27

基金项目：教育部人文社科青年

作者简介：张振国(1979-)，男，山西运城人，博士，副教授，主要从事旅游环境与灾害风险管理研究。

文章编号：1009-315X(2015)05-0491-04

中图分类号：X4文献标志码：A

Risk Perception of Urban Community for Rainstorm Waterloggoing Based on PGIS——Taking the Jinsha Community in Shanghai as a Case

ZHANG Zhen-guo1, WEN Jia-hong2

(1.School of Economics and Management, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian Liaoning 116605, China; 2.Department of Geography, Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234, China)

Abstract:In this paper, with a case on Jinsha Community in Putuo District in Shanghai, residents’ risk perceptions on rainstorm water-logging disaster are researched using PGIS method. The results showed that: (1) Community residents’ awareness and understanding on the risk was mainly about the change of time and space distribution of the risk (2) Their perceptions and attitudes on the risk were mainly reflected in the degree of influence on the family suffered (3) Natural factors were considered as the main reasons to cause rainstorm water-logging disaster. The community residents basically fail to recognise that the disaster is the combined action of natura factors and human factors.

Key words:urban community; rainstorm waterlogging; risk perception; participator GIS; Shanghai

风险认知(risk perception)，又称风险感知，是指个体对存在于外界各种客观风险的感受、认识和理解[1-2]。社区作为防灾减灾管理的基本单元，当面对灾害时，社区居民既是承灾体，又是减灾政策和措施的具体执行者。但是，一些人因不能合理响应或不善于适应而更显脆弱；一些人则相反，其根本原因就是不同的人对灾害风险认知有差异，进而对他们所采取的减灾决策、措施及其效果产生重大影响。因此，提高居民的灾害风险认知水平是减轻灾害损失的根本。目前，风险认知作为风险管理的重要环节，已成为社会学、心理学、灾害学等领域的热点问题。……