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福州冬季兰花植物园舒适度对比

2015-11-26朱志鹏黎俊仪傅伟聪陈梓茹蔡晓乐董建文

湖北农业科学 2015年21期

朱志鹏 黎俊仪 傅伟聪 陈梓茹 蔡晓乐 董建文

摘要:选择2月中旬晴朗天气,通过对冬季福州市3个兰花专类园(分别位于远郊、近郊、市中心)6个监测点的温度、湿度、风速、热力指数、湿球指数、露点温度等数据的采集,采用综合舒适度指数模型进行数据分析。研究了3个兰花植物园温度、湿度、风速及舒适度的日变化规律以及不同区位条件下的对比变化,并对兰花植物园与福州市背景气象数据进行相关性分析。结果表明,各兰花专类园的温度、湿度呈“U”字型变化,温度在13:00~15:00时较高,7:00时最低;湿度在7:00时最高,13:00左右最低;风速呈不规则式变化;综合各下垫面,人体感觉舒适的时间呈U字型变化;冬季3个点皆为林缘舒适度高于园内;3个兰花植物园的舒适度对比为远郊<近郊<市区;与市区背景气象数据相比得出,3个兰花植物园的相对湿度大于市区,平均温度及平均风速明显小于市区。

关键词:兰花植物园;小气候;日变化;舒适度对比

中图分类号:S682.31;Q988 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)21-5313-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.027

Comparasion on Comfortable Level in Orchid Botanic Gardens of Fuzhou in Winter

ZHU Zhi-peng, LI Jun-yi, FU Wei-cong, CHEN Zi-ru, CAI Xiao-le, DONG Jian-wen

(College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

Abstract: Selecting a sunny day in mid-February, through the collection of data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, thermal index, web bulb index and dew point temperature on 6 monitoring point in 3 orchid specialized gardens (being respectively located in outer suburbs, suburbs and the downtown) in Fuzhou City in winter, “integrated comfort algorithm index” model was adopted to carry on data analysis. The daily change rule of temperature, humidity, wind speed and comfortable level in 3 orchid botanic gardens and comparative change were studied, and correlation analysis between background meteorological data of orchid botanic garden and Fuzhou City. Results showed that temperature and humidity in every orchid specialized garden presented font variation of U, the temperature during the time from 13:00 to 15:00 was higher, and the temperature was the lowest at 7:00; The humidity was the highest at 7:00, and the humidity was the lowest at 13:00; Wind speed presented irregular style change. The integration of time for which human body feeled comfortable on underlying surface, which presented font variation of U; Each comfortable level on forest edge on 3 points was higher than that of the garden inside; Each comfortable level in 3 orchid botanic gardens respectively located in outer suburbs, suburbs and the downtown was contrasted to show that outer suburbs

兰科(Orchidaceae)是被子植物中的大科之一,是生物多样性保护中备受重视的类群。据《中国植物志》记载[1-3],福建省兰科植物的属数占中国兰科植物总属数(171属)的39.2%,种数占中国兰科植物总种数(1 247种)的13.2%,表明福建省兰科植物种类比较丰富、属种数较多,是中国兰科植物资源较丰富的地区之一[4]。

目前国内外对于兰花植物的研究主要集中在兰科植物的分类以及兰科植物的栽培和保育方面[5,6],鲜见关于兰花植物园对人体舒适度影响的研究。研究表明城市森林能有效吸收和反射辐射,降低遮阴区的温度,并通过蒸散作用降低空气温度,增加相对湿度[7,8],继而显著改善城市的小气候,提高人体舒适度[9]。……

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