Cr6+对空心莲子草光合生理特性的影响
2015-11-26陈全战唐宁张边江王立科杨平
陈全战 唐宁 张边江 王立科 杨平


摘要:为了研究Cr6+对空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)的毒害作用,探讨Cr6+的毒害机制,为早期预报Cr6+的危害和环境监测提供理论依据。在不同浓度(0、5、10、20、40 mg/L)Cr6+的处理后,评价了空心莲子草的外伤毒害症状,测定了叶绿素含量和光合参数净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。结果显示,在Cr6+浓度为0~5 mg/L时,叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b值略有升高,此后随着Cr6+浓度的增加,叶绿素含量呈明显下降趋势,而叶绿素a/b值下降趋势不明显;随着Cr6+浓度的增加,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度呈显著下降趋势,胞间CO2浓度呈缓慢上升趋势。因此低浓度的Cr6+对空心莲子草影响不大,而高浓度的Cr6+会产生毒害作用,最终导致植株枯萎。
关键词:Cr6+; 空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides); 叶绿素含量; 净光合速率
中图分类号:S451 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)21-5310-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.026
Chromium-induced Photosynthetic Physiological Parameters in Alternanthera philoxeroides
CHEN Quan-zhan, TANG Ning, ZHANG Bian-jiang, WANG Li-ke, YANG Ping
(Institute of Plant Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing 211171,China)
Abstract: In order to provide theoretical basis for the early prediction of Cr6+ hazards and environmental monitoring, toxic effects of Cr6+ on Alternanthera philoxeroides were studied. With A. philoxeroides as experimental materials, treated with different concentrations of Cr6+ (0,5,10,20,40 mg/L), the trauma symptom was observed, the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters were determined. The results showed that the chlorophyll contents and ratio of chlorophyll a/b increased when the concentration of Cr6+ was 0~5 mg/L; The chlorophyll contents and the ratio of chlorophyll a/b reached the maximum value when the concentration of Cr6+ was 5 mg/L; The chlorophyll contents and ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased with the increasing of Cr6+ concentration.With the increasing of Cr6+ concentration, the net photosynthetic rate, transportation rate and stomatal conductance decreased, while the intercellular CO2 concentration increased. Therefore, low concentration of Cr6+ had little impact on growth of A. philoeroides, and the higher concentration of Cr6+ could produce toxic action, causing withering in the end.
Key words:Cr6+;Alternanthera philoxeroides;chlorophyll contents;net photosynthetic rate
由于金属铬的抗腐蚀性强,硬度大,可形成合金,目前被广泛应用于化学、冶金、医药、国防等领域,由此产生的六价含铬废弃物通常以CrO42-离子的形式存在,对水体造成污染。在龙葵、银胶菊[1]、大麦[2]、油菜[3]等植物的研究中发现,Cr6+能够显著抑制植株生长,降低叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光水平和相对含水量,提高植株抗氧化酶的活性和脯氨酸含量,用以提高植株对重金属胁迫的耐受性。
空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)是苋科多年生宿根草本植物,又名水花生。其作为饲料在20世纪30年代引入中国,因生长迅速、抗逆性强,在中国大部分地区蔓延,很难彻底清除。Ding等[4]和林茂兹等[5]研究发现Cr6+胁迫下,空心莲子草会将过量的铬积累在叶片中,转运系数大于1。……
