张元虎++潘典进++吴继洪++张文文++贺颖

摘要：选用湖北省荆门市具有代表性的籼型杂交中稻和常规中稻品种与新引进的粳稻组合或品系进行对比试验，共设4个品种6个播期。结果表明，随着播期的推迟水稻全生育期不同程度地缩短，出叶速度加快而主茎总叶片数变化较小；籼型杂交中稻早播有利于取得高产，粳型杂交组合产量高低受播期影响较小，早熟中籼稻和中晚熟粳稻常规品种不宜过早播种，品种与播期对产量的交互效应极显著。改变水稻播期首先会影响到结实率和每穗平均总粒数，其次是单位面积有效穗数，欲夺取水稻高产，应在保证一定有效穗数的前提下，主攻大穗和提高结实率。

关键词：籼稻；粳稻；播期；叶龄；生育期；产量

中图分类号：S511；S352.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）21-5211-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.003

Effects of Sowing Period on the Yield of Different Varieties of Indica and Japonica Rice

ZHANG Yuan-hu， PAN Dian-jin， WU Ji-hong， ZHANG Wen-wen， HE Ying

（Jingmen Agricultural Technology Promotion Center， Jingmen 448000， Hubei， China）

Abstract： A total of 4 rice varieties， the local representative indica hybrid varieties， conventional middle rice varieties and the newly introduced japonica varieties， were selected and comparison experiments with 6 planting dates were carried out. The results showed that， with the delay of sowing date， the whole growth period of rice shortened in different degree and the leaves emerged faster. However， the leaf number of main culm presented small changes. Early sowing was conducive to high yield for the indica hybrid mid-season rice， while affected the yield of japonica hybrid combinations less. The early indica rice and late japonica rice of conventional varieties should not be sowed early because the interaction effect of varieties and sowing date was significant. The change of the sowing date of rice would firstly affect the setting percentage and the average total grain number， followed by the effective panicles per unit area， so in order to obtain the high yield of rice， the premise of a certain amount of efficient panicle should be in the guarantee and then the big ears and the setting percentage be focused.

Key words： indica rice； japonica rice； sowing date； leaf age； growth period； yield

荆门市地处湖北省中部，属亚热带季风气候，习惯种植籼型水稻品种。近3年来，为了调整水稻种植结构、优化稻米品质、增加粮食收购企业效益和农民收入，荆门市实施水稻“籼改粳[1]”示范与推广工程，取得了良好的开端。为进一步筛选适宜的粳稻品种和摸清最佳播期，开展了籼型杂交和常规中稻品种与新引进的粳稻组合或品系的不同播期对比观察试验，获得了第一手技术资料。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验品种与地点及播期设置

选择籼型杂交中稻扬两优6号、常规品种黄华占和粳稻杂交新组合甬优4949、常规优质品种南粳9108共4个品种，设4月15日、4月25日、5月5日、5月15日、5月25日、6月4日6个播期。……