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基于DEA—Malmquist指数的四川创新科技效率评价分析

2015-10-28黄寰王玮曾智

软科学 2015年10期

黄寰 王玮 曾智

摘要:以川、滇、黔等7省和全国科技创新产业近年投入产出数据为基础,以内生增长理论为依据,运用数据包络模型对其马氏距离和科技创新产业的全要素生产效率进行测算。结果表明:全要素生产效率变化中其规模效率变化率排序最符合各省的科技创新水平;四川省六大支柱创新产业集中度高,产业集聚效应与辐射效应明显,科技创新优势在于R&D人员数量和劳动力占比不断提高;科技创新产业布局严重不均和尖端科研人员增长缓慢是制约四川科技创新快速发展的重要因素。通过四川省科技创新产业聚集程度对2015年高新技术企业产值进行预测,预计2015年及以后四川省高新技术企业产值增长率能够稳定在20%的水平。

关键词:科技创新效率;内生增长理论;马氏全要素生产率

DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.10.28

中图分类号:F014.7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2015)10-0131-05

Abstract:Based on the technological industries inputoutput data of nation, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other four provinces,combined with the endogenous growth theory, this paper uses the DEAMalmquist model calculated the Malmquist distance and TFP(total factor productivity ).Results show that: among all the indexes which constitute TFP, the scale efficiency changes best meet the real level of technology innovation efficiency of the seven provinces; six main innovation industries of Sichuan are high concentrated, industrial clustering effect and radiation effect is obvious, the advantages of technology innovation lies in the improvement of R&D labor force number and the proportion it takes. At the meantime, the problems of inequality layout of technology innovation industries and slow growth of cuttingedge research personnel combined with other issues are the elemental factors that impede the growth of Sichuan technology innovation. Through the aggregation level of Sichuan high technology industries, it can be expected the value of output of hightech enterprises growth stabilize at 20% level.

Key words:technology innovation efficiency; endogenous growth theory; Malmquist total factor productivity

1引言

我国经济发展正在进入以改革推进新常态经济增长模式,改变过去主要依靠基础建设投资,劳动密集型制造业出口的方式,积极向依靠高端技术出口、工业升级转变。在此背景下,多数省都提出了创新驱动发展战略。然而,创新驱动发展战略的实现不止是一种思路,更需要有坚实的创新驱动力。创新驱动的主要动力在于科技创新,科研人员数量和资本积累对科技创新的效率有重大影响。罗默等人从阿罗的“干中学”观点出发,对依靠科技创新为动力的内生经济增长理论做出了重大贡献。……

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