基于策略型消费者的最优广告和定价联合决策?
2015-10-27代云珍胡培
代云珍++胡培



摘 要: 研究了垄断型销售商面对策略消费者时的最优广告和定价问题。建立了销售商和消费者的动态博弈模型,首先分析了销售商不做广告时的最优策略,接着分别分析了销售商在第一阶段和第二阶段进行广告宣传时的最优广告和定价策略,最后对三种模式下销售商的价格、广告、需求及总利润进行了比较分析。研究发现:销售商进行广告宣传能够提高其利润水平,销售商的最优广告策略依赖于消费者的折扣系数和广告对消费者的影响系数,不同情况下销售商应当采取不同的广告策略。销售商的广告策略并不能提高两阶段总需求,但能提高第一阶段的需求,使销售商的销售进一步集中于第一阶段。
关键词: 策略型消费者;广告;定价;动态博弈
中图分类号: F272 文献标识码:A
Optimal Advertisement and Pricing Policy in the Presence of Strategic Customers
DAI Yun-zhen, HU Pei
(School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031)
Abstract: The optimal advertisement and pricing policy of the monopoly retailer in the presence of strategic customers is studied. The Stackelberg game model between monopoly retailer and strategic customers is developed. Firstly, we analyze the scenario to be as a benchmark that retailer carries out no advertisement. And then we analyze the modes that the retailer advertises in the first stage and the second stage, respectively. At the end, the retailers optimal price, advertisement, demand and total profit under the three modes is compared. It is found that, the advertisement policy would improve the retailers profit level. The retailer should carry on the different advertisement strategy according to the customers discount factor and the advertisement impact factor. The advertisement could not improve the total demand, but could improve the demand of the first stage.
Keywords: Strategic customers; Advertisement; Pricing; Dynamic game
引言
易逝型商品的价值往往会随时间的推移而下降,销售商的定价策略也往往是动态的。目前越来越多的消费者表现得具有“策略性”:这类消费者会权衡在商品正常销售期和季末处理期购买商品所得到的净效用,选择在正常销售期购买商品或延迟至季末处理期购买商品。Su[1]称这类消费者为策略型消费者。目前,越来越多的企业管理者们已经认识到消费者的策略性行为给企业带来的影响[2]。除Best Buy之外,其他一些大型零售商,如Bloomingdales, Ann Taylor, Gap和Home Depot等也都意识到消费者的策略性行为会导致企业利润水平降低[3]。这些企业也都纷纷采取一些措施来缓解消费者的策略行为对企业造成的影响。……
