杨孟禹++杨芳

摘要：中国经济高速发展得益于城乡要素的合理流动，尽管经济总体形势向好，但城乡收入差距仍在扩大。在经济主体行为假定下，讨论了城乡收入差距与要素流动的内在关系，运用新经济地理学方法，对二者与经济增长的空间演变规律进行了理论分析，并以重庆为例构建状态空间模型进行验证。结果表明：城乡收入差距与人口城镇化存在倒“U”关系，要素流动和政府参与度对缩小差距存在时滞性和时变性，城乡差距正向影响经济增长，但作用逐步放缓，且具有非线性转换特征。基于此，应加强区域化分工，促进要素合理流动；继续深化户籍改革，有序推进农业转移人口市民化；调整财政支出和农地流转政策，激活农村要素市场，保障农村经济长效增长。

关键词：城乡收入差距；经济增长；要素流动；新经济地理学；状态空间模型

DOI：10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.XX.XX

中图分类号：F062.5 文章标识码： 文章编号：

The Research about Urban-rural Income Gap， Factor Mobility and Economic Growth

YANG Meng-yua， YANG Fangb

（a.Institute of Regional and Urban Economy， Renmin University of China ，Beijing， 100872；b.College of Economics and Management， Southwest University ，Chongqing， 400716）

Abstract： China's rapid economic development benefits from the rational flow of urban and rural elements. The urban-rural dual structure still exists despite the economy getting better. Assuming that the behavior of economic agents， it discusses the inherent relationship between urban-rural income gap and factor mobility， and analyzes the spatial evolvement in above both elements and economic growth theoretically by the methods of the New Economic Geography. Finally， taking Chongqing as an example， it builds state-space model to testify. The results show that theres an inverted "U" relationship between the urban-rural income gap and population urbanization， the elements flow and participation in economic activities of the Government have time-lag effect and time-variation effect on narrowing the gap， and the gap have an impact effect on economic growth ，but slowing down. Based on above， it is feasible to strengthen regional division of labor， promote the rational flow of factors， deepen the reform of household registration， adjust fiscal expenditure and the policy of land transfer， activate the rural factor markets， and ensure the rural economy growth.

Keywords： urban-rural income gap； economic growth； factor mobility； New Economic Geography； state space model

引 言

改革开放以来，中国经历了城镇化水平快速发展、经济开放程度逐渐提高、要素流动日益加快的发展时期，但由于市场发育不完善、区域资源禀赋差异和政策倾斜等原因，大量农村剩余劳动力向城市转移，城乡收入差距持续拉大，二元经济结构依然突出。十八大报告指出“促进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农、城乡关系”。因此，准确解析城乡收入差距、要素流动与经济增长之间的互动关系，是充分发挥城乡优势、缩小城乡差距的根本前提，对全面深化改革和统筹城乡具有重要意义。……