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ICU内科患者直系家属心理状态的研究

2015-10-26孙岚周鸣芳吴忠娟

中国医药导报 2015年29期
关键词:心理状态

孙岚++++++周鸣芳++++++吴忠娟++++++钱萍芝++++++胡善友

[摘要] 目的 了解重症监护室(ICU)内科患者直系亲属的心理状态及变化,为ICU患者的家属管理提供依据。 方法 连续性选择2013年1~12月于上海市嘉定区中心医院ICU住院的内科患者的直系家属166名,在患者入院72 h后,记录其直系亲属症状自评量表(SCL-90)分值,比较各症状因子症状指数与常模的差异;根据不同性别分为男性组(n=121)和女性组(n=45),根据不同年龄分为非老年组(n=107)和老年组(n=59),分别比较各因子症状指数及总分的差异。 结果 患者直系亲属SCL-90量表评分总分高于国内常模(P < 0.05),各项症状因子,除人际敏感、恐惧及精神病性外,其他因子分值均显著增高(P < 0.01);男性的强迫心理[(2.26±0.31)比(2.39±0.34)分,P=0.021]、抑郁[(2.33±0.34)比(2.53±0.36)分,P=0.001]、焦虑[(2.63±0.29)比(2.76±0.34)分,P=0.018)]及总分[(179.17±18.05)比(186.98±19.34)分,P=0.016]显著低于女性家属,而偏执表现显著高于女性[(2.13±0.36)比(1.95±0.35)分,P=0.003];非老年人躯体化水平[(1.88±0.25)比(1.95±0.27)分,P=0.034]、强迫[(2.25±0.31)比(2.38±0.32)分,P=0.014]、偏执[(2.03±0.33)比(2.17±0.40)分,P=0.023]分值显著低于老年人,而焦虑[(2.71±0.30)比(2.59±0.32)分,P=0.016]、敌对[(1.90±0.31) 比(1.79±0.21)分,P=0.015]显著高于老年人。 结论 ICU内科患者的直系亲属在其入院后,容易发生负面的心理变化。在ICU的家属管理方面,应重视不同性别、不同年龄的家属心理状态的不同,有针对性及有侧重点地进行护患沟通,以减少护患矛盾及改善患者家属的心理障碍。

[关键词] 重症监护室;家属管理;心理状态;症状自评量表

[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)10(b)-0043-04

Psychological state of the immediate family members of medical patients in ICU

SUN Lan ZHOU Mingfang WU Zhongjuan QIAN Pingzhi HU Shanyou

Department of ICU, Shanghai Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201800, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the psychological state and the trends of the immediate family members of medical patients in ICU, in order to provide basis for management of ICU patients' family members. Methods A total of 166 cases from January to December 2013 were enrolled the study. The symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scores of the immediate family members of the patients were recorded when the patients into ICU after 72 hours. Differences of symptom index between each symptom factors and conventional model were compared. The all cases were divided into two groups, male group (n=121) and female group (n=45) based on their gender. Then the all cases were divided into non-aged group (n=107) and aged group (n=59) according to the age more than 60 years or not. The symptom index differences in the groups were compared. Results The total score of SCL-90 in the immediate family members was significantly higher than that in the conventional model (P < 0.01). Almost all the symptom factors increased except interpersonal sensitive, fear and psychoticism (P < 0.05). Obsessive-compulsive disorder [(2.26±0.31) vs (2.39±0.34) points, P=0.021], depression [(2.33±0.34) vs (2.53±0.36) points, P=0.001], anxiety [(2.63±0.29) vs (2.76±0.34) points, P=0.018] and total score [(179.17±18.05) vs (186.98±19.34) points, P=0.016] were significantly lower in male group, while paranoid [(2.13±0.36) vs (1.95±0.35) points, P=0.003] was higher than that in the female group. Somatization [(1.88±0.25) vs (1.95±0.27) points, P=0.034], obsessive-compulsive disorder [(2.25±0.31) vs (2.38±0.32) points, P=0.014], paranoid [(2.03±0.33) vs (2.17±0.40) points, P=0.023] were significantly lower in non-aged group, while anxiety [(2.71±0.30) vs (2.59±0.32) points, P=0.016)] and hostility [(1.90±0.31) vs (1.79±0.21) points, P=0.015] were higher than those in aged group. Conclusion The immediate family members are prone to negative psychological changes, when the patients after admission to ICU. For the dependents management in the ICU, it should attach importance to the differences of gender and age. Nurse-patient communication should be targeted and focuses based on the gender and age, thus reduce the contradiction between nurses and patients, and ameliorate the psychological barriers of the dependents.

[Key words] Intensive care unit; Dependents management; Psychological states; Symptom checklist-90

重症监护室(ICU)患者的家属管理是护理工作中的重点内容之一[1-3],由于ICU病房封闭管理的特性,家属不能准确地感受到患者的病情变化及不能充分了解患者是否得到了精心的照顾[4],尤其是随着社会老龄化,内科患者的年龄大、病情重且复杂,病情变化快,因而相对于其他科室而言,其家属可能更容易发生心理变化;同时,医患沟通不畅是医患纠纷发生的主要原因[5-6],而不能充分了解患者家属的心理状态是沟通不畅的主要原因之一[7],尤其是患者的直系亲属。因此,了解入住ICU内科患者的直系亲属的心理状态,可能有助于减少护患矛盾,降低医疗纠纷风险,并可以对家属的管理方式提供依据。故本研究旨在了解ICU内科患者直系亲属的心理状态变化以及心理变化趋势,为ICU内科患者的家属管理提供依据。……

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