糖基硼酸酯表面活性剂的合成及表面活性的研究
2015-10-21赖君玲罗根祥
赖君玲 罗根祥



摘 要:以硼酸、葡萄糖和癸酸氯為原料合成了糖基硼酸酯(即硼酸双葡萄糖酯双癸酸酯,简称DGBR),并利用红外对其结构进行了表征和分析,结果显示其结构和设计产物结构相符合。并采用表面张力法确定了DGBR的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力(γCMC),其CMC、γCMC和文献值相接近;考察了不同NaCl浓度对DGBR表面性能的影响,并计算了饱和吸附量(Γmax)和单分子饱和吸附面积(Аmin)等参数,随着NaCl浓度的增加,其表面性能增强。
关 键 词:硼酸酯;表面活性剂;临界胶束浓度;表面活性
中图分类号:TQ 423 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2015)06-1213-03
Synthesis and Surface Activity of Sugar-based Borate Ester Surfactant
LAI Jun-ling,LUO Gen-xiang
(School of Chemistry and Material Science,Liaoning Shihua University, Liaoning Fushun 113001,China)
Abstract: Double capric acid glucose-borate ester surfactant (DGBR) was prepared from boric acid, glucose and capric acid chloride, and then it was analyzed and characterized by IR. The results show that its structure accords with the characteristics of the designed product. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension at the CMC (γCMC) of surfactant DGBR were determined by surface tension method. The results show that its CMC and γCMC value are close to literature values. The influence of NaCl concentration on the surface activity of DGBR surfactant was studied, the maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax), the minimum area per surfactant molecule (Аmin) and so on were calculated. The results show that the surface activity is better with increasing of NaCl concentration.
Key words: Borate ester; Surfactant; Critical micelle concentration; Surface activity
硼酸酯类表面活性剂是硼系表面活性剂中研究较多的一类[1-3]。硼酸酯类表面活性剂和传统的表面活性剂相比,具有较低的临界胶束浓度和较高的降低表面张力效率的优点,已经引起了人们的广泛关注[4]。同时由于其具有较好的乳化性、分散性、防腐性、抗静电性、阻燃性等性质[5-7],而广泛用于合成树脂的抗静电、防火材料的添加剂等领域[8,9]。目前硼酸酯类表面活性剂主要是硼酸和甘油生成硼酸单甘酯、硼酸双甘酯,接着与脂肪酸、脂肪酸氯等反应得到不同结构的硼酸甘油酯类表面活性剂。杜春霖[10]将硼酸二甘油酯棕榈酸酯作为润滑油助剂来改善PVC-稻壳粉木塑材料的吸水性、抗拉伸强度、弯曲强度等性能;陈飞[11]等制备了甘油硼酸油酸酯,并研究了其抗磨性能、抗氧性能和乳化性能;硼酸和C4以上的醇反应生成的硼酸酯则较少,硼酸糖酯……
