胡庆武

摘要 通过对凌河流域代表水文站的实测径流量和输沙量分析，得出凌河流域的水沙变化规律。探讨了凌河流域典型水文站（朝阳水文站）流域径流量、输沙量和含沙量的年内和年际变化趋势，比较了不同水文站径流量、输沙量和含沙量的年际变化。同时，探讨了凌河流域径流量、输沙量的沿程变化规律，并对大、小凌河流域的径流量和输沙量等水沙特性进行了比较。结果表明，凌河流域径流量和输沙量年内分配不均，多集中于汛期（6～9月），且年际变化较大，径流量随沿程增大；而输沙量在山丘区随沿程增大，到达平原区随沿程减小。

关键词 凌河流域；水量管理；水沙特性；径流；输沙量

中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）20-230-03

Abstract The water and sediment variations of Linghe River Basin were investigated based on the analysis of the measured runoffs and sediment discharges at the representative hydrometric stations along Linghe River Basin. The annual and interannual variation trends of runoff， sediment discharge and concentration at the Chaoyang hydrometric station were summarized， and the interannual variation trends of runoff， sediment discharge and concentration at different hydrometric stations were also compared. Meanwhile， the runoff variations along the Linghe River Basin were discussed， and the characteristics of sediment and water of Large Linghe River Basin and Small Linghe River Basin were compared as well. The results showed that in Linghe River Basin， runoff and sediment discharge is distributed unevenly within a year and mainly concentrated in flood season（Jun.Sep.）； the annual variation is significant， runoff increases along the way； while sediment discharge increases in hilly areas， and decreases in plain area.

Key words Linghe River Basin； Water management； Characteristics of sediment and water； Runoff； Sediment discharg

凌河是辽宁西部地区最大的河流，被誉为辽西人民的“母亲河”，对辽西地区经济社会发展和人民生活等方面具有重要影响。长期以来，受地理环境、气候、人类活动加剧等因素的影响，致使凌河流域水土流失严重、洪旱灾害频发、生态环境恶化[1-4]。面对凌河流域的生态现状，2010年辽宁省委省政府对凌河流域“划区设局”，做出了实施凌河流域综合整治、全面改善水质、恢复生态的战略决策，以实现凌河保护区的水质水量水生态综合管理。

凌河流域分为大、小凌河2个水系，人均水资源量约为400 m3。按照国际惯例，人均占有水资源量2 000 m3以上为丰水区；1 000～2 000 m3为中等贫水区；500～1 000 m3为严重缺水区；低于500 m3为极度贫水区。据此衡量，大、小凌河流域均为极度贫水区。……