朱静

摘要 [目的] 地膜覆盖技术已成为广泛应用的农艺技术之一，但同时地膜残留污染也成为影响我国农业生产的主要问题。了解地膜残留现状对于合理利用该技术具有重要意义。[方法] 选取甘肃定西市陇川乡为研究对象，采用咨询当地农民与典型样点采集的方法，对当地种植玉米地区的地膜残留状况进行调查与评价。

[结果] 该地区回收地膜以人工捡拾为主，0～20 cm土壤农用地膜残留量为6.45 kg/hm2。根据土壤地膜残留标准，该地区残留等级属于一级标准，残留量较小，尚未造成严重后果。

[结论] 结合当地特征，给出适合治理当地玉米地膜残留的措施，减小地膜的残留。

关键词 玉米地；地膜残留；评价；陇川乡

中图分类号 S158.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）20-098-01

Abstract [Objective] Plastic film mulching is one of wildly used agricultural technologies， but the plastic film pollution has been a serious issue for agricultural production in China. It is important to understand the current situation of plastic film residue for using this technology properly.[Method] The methods of questioning to local farmer and typical sample collection were adopted to find out the present situation of film use and film residue in the corn field of Longchuan Town， Tongwei County of Dingxi City in Gansu Province. [Result] The hand picking was the main way of recycling， and the weight of film residue in the soil of 0-20 cm was 6.45 kg/hm2. According to the soil film residue standard， this area belonged to the level one，residue was less，and it hadnt caused serious consequences. [Conclusion] According to the characteristics of the local area， the study supplied proper method for disposing local plastic film residue to reduce the residue of film.

Key words Corn field； Plastic film residue； Evaluation；Longchuan Town

農用地膜作为重要的农业生产资料已被广泛应用于农业生产中，并且极大地促进农业发展和农民增收[1]。但是，由于地膜是一种由聚乙烯加抗氧剂、紫外线而制成的高分子碳氢化合物，在自然条件下很难光解和热降解，也不易通过细菌和酶等生物方式降解。长期使用地膜导致大量地膜残留在土壤中，引起残膜污染问题[2]。残留地膜不仅降低农田土壤质量，而且对作物生长、秸秆利用、畜牧养殖、农机操作、生态环境等均产生消极影响[3-5]。

因全膜双垄沟播玉米技术的推广，甘肃地膜使用总量逐年增长，势必带来残留问题[6]。笔者以甘肃省定西市陇川乡为研究区，通过对当地玉米地残留地膜量进行调查，了解地膜残留的现状，并且引用相关评价标准进行评价，为解决地膜残留问题提供一定的理论依据。……