朱红艳　李先明　杨夫臣等

摘要 [目的]建立砂梨抗枝干轮纹病的鉴定方法。[方法]采用轮纹病菌菌丝块、分生孢子悬浮液分别以离体和活体接种砂梨1年生枝条，比较发病时间、发病率、调查时间和接种工作量，并采用菌丝块针刺接种活体枝条的方法对德胜香×西子绿的223株F1代群体进行抗性评价。[结果]以菌丝块针刺法接种活体枝条发病率高、接种效果最好，可充分评价梨树对枝干轮纹病的抗性。采用菌丝块针刺接种活体枝条的方法，德胜香×西子绿的223株F1代群体中高抗单株有33株，抗性单株有41株，中抗单株有83株，感病单株有31株，高感单株有35株。[结论]试验结果为砂梨抗枝干轮纹病育种提供了参考。

关键词 砂梨； 枝干轮纹病； 抗性评价

中图分类号 S436.612.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）20-162-02

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to establish one identification method for trunk ring rot disease of sand pear. [Method] The resistant evaluation of individual plant was inoculated with mycelia disc and spore suspension in vitro and in vivo， and disease time， disease rate， investigation method and inoculated work amount were compared. The resistance identification of 223 F1 plants of Deshengnxiang×Xizilv was identified with mycelia disc in vivo. [Result] The disease incidence and index with mycelia disc was higher than that of the spore suspension， and the disease incidence and index of in vivo was also higher than that of in vitro， which suggested that inoculation with mycelia disc in vivo was fit for resistance identification of trunk ring rot disease of sand pear. Among 223 F1 plants of Deshengnxiang×Xizilv， 33 F1 plants were high resistant； 41 plants were resistant； 83 plants were middle resistant， 31 plants were sensitive and 35 plants were high sensitive. [Conclusion] The results provide reference for resistant breeding of sand pear to trunk ring rot disease.

Key words Sand pear； Trunk ring rot disease； Resistant identification

梨是我國近年来发展迅速的水果之一，其栽培面积和总产量在国内位居第3位。在生产上，梨轮纹病是最严重的病害之一。尤其在南方砂梨产区，由于高温、高湿的气候条件易于轮纹病的发生，且主栽品种对轮纹病抗性弱，轮纹病发生尤其严重[1]。轮纹病病原菌为Botryosphaeria. dothidea （Moug ：Fr） Ces&De Not，主要为害枝干和果实，导致枝干粗皮、果实腐烂，严重影响树势和果实产量。近年来，随着砂梨套袋技术的普及，果实轮纹病的发生较轻，果农对轮纹病的防治也不重视，从而导致枝干轮纹病的发生日益严重。挖掘抗性资源、培育抗性品种是解决生产上轮纹病危害最有效的方法[2]。为此，笔者以轮纹病菌菌丝块、分生孢子悬……