毕节野生苦参主要农艺性状相互关系研究
2015-10-21熊厚溪张耀丹姚建远
熊厚溪 张耀丹 姚建远



摘要 [目的]对贵州省毕节地区野生苦参进行农艺性状观察与比较,为毕节苦参的选育工作提供指导。[方法]采用Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0软件进行变异度、相关性、多元回归和因子分析。[结果]苦参各农艺性状均存在不同程度的差異;部分农艺性状之间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的相关性;株高、地上茎粗、果实数、根长、根上茎、果柄数是影响苦参地下生物量的主要因子;13个农艺性状可简化为新的4个主因子,4个主因子累计贡献率达90.436%,保持了13个农艺性状的绝大部分信息。[结论]毕节野生苦参农艺性状多样性比较高,遗传基础比较丰富。在进行性状选择时,应注重单株地下生物量的选择,同时应该考虑到根长、根上茎等性状的相互制约关系。
关键词 苦参;农艺性状;相互关系;毕节
中图分类号 S567.5+3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)20-149-03
Abstract [Objective] To provide guidance for selection and breeding of Sophora flavescens, agronomic traits of in the wild form of Sophora flavescens were observed and compared in Guizhou Bijie. [Method] Thirteen agronomic traits of Sophora flavescens were analyzed using degree of variation analysis, correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and factor analysis. [Result] The results showed that agronomic traits were different form, significant (P<0.05) or very significant correlated (P<0.01) among multiple agronomic traits, the plant height and the aerial stem diameter, the fruit number, the root length, the aerial stem root, the fruit stalk number were the main factors that affected the underground biomass. Thirteen agronomic traits can be simplified as the new four main factors, the cumulative contribution rate was 90.436%, and the four main factors to keep most of the thirteen agronomic characters. [Conclusion] The results showed that the Sophora flavescens in Bijie had high diversity in agronomic characters and rich genetic basis. And in the character selection, attention should be paid to the underground biomass selection, the root length and the aerial stem root should be concerned.
Key words Sophora flavescens; Agronomic traits; Correlation; Bijie
苦参为常用中药,来源于豆科植物苦参Sophora flavescens Alt.的干燥根,始载于《神农本草经》,苦、寒,归心、肝、胃、大肠、膀胱经,具有清热燥湿、杀虫、利尿之功效,常用于治疗热痢、赤白带下、黄疸尿闭、便血、阴痒阴肿、湿疹等,外用可治疗滴虫性阴道炎[1-2]。苦参含有生物碱、黄酮类等化合物[3],现苦参的主要产品有复方苦参注射液、苦参片、苦参碱阴道泡腾片、苦参素胶囊等。随着苦参的用量越来越大,野生资源在逐渐减少,面临的是如何合理地利用、发展资源等。目前,对于苦参研究主要集中在化学成分[4-5]、药理作用[6-7]等方面,而对于苦参种质的农艺性状研究鲜为报道。该研究对毕节野生苦参50个单株植物的13个农艺性状进行观测,采用变异度分析、相关性分析、多元回归分析及因子分析的方法探讨毕节苦参农艺性状间的相互关系,为贵州毕节地区苦参的生态适宜性、合理种植和品种选育提供参考依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 研究区概况
七星关区小坝镇地处贵州高原屋脊(105°24′~105°38′E、27°17′~ 27°26′N),海拔1 414~1 486 m,属亚热带高原湿润性季风气候,年均温12.8 ℃,年均日照数1 231 h,年均降水量1 129.04 mm,年无霜期266 d。……
