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2种养殖模式下大菱鲆的养殖效果对比

2015-10-21朱建新程海华陈世波等

安徽农业科学 2015年20期

朱建新 程海华 陈世波等

摘要 [目的]为循环水养殖模式在大菱鲆养殖业中的推广与应用提供理论依据。[方法] 对流水养殖模式和循环水养殖模式下大菱鲆的密度、成活率、饵料系数及成本进行比较。[结果] 经过60 d养殖,循环水养殖模式下大菱鲆的养殖密度由15.65 kg/m2增加到24.09 kg/m2,成活率99.52%,饵料系数0.71,养殖成本为18.78元/kg;流水养殖模式下养殖密度由7.36 kg/m2增加到11.68 kg/m2,成活率97.91%,饵料系数0.77,单位成本为24.28元/kg。[结论] 循环水养殖大菱鲆的效果比流水养殖更好。

关键词 养殖模式;大菱鲆;循环水养殖系统;养殖效果

中图分类号 S965 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)20-122-03

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for the popularization and application of recirculating aquaculture system in the culture industry of turbot. [Method] The density, survival rate, feed coefficient and cost of turbot under two culture models were compared. [Result] After 60 days cultured, the culture density of turbot under recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) increased from 15.65 kg/m2 to 24.09 kg/m2, the survival rate was 99.52%, the feed coefficient was 0.71, and the culture cost was 18.78 yuan/kg. Under flowingwater aquaculture system, the culture density of turbot increased from 7.36 kg/m2 to 11.68 kg/m2, the survival rate was 97.91%, the feed coefficient was 0.77 and the culture cost was 24.28 yuan/kg. [Conclusion] The culture effects of turbot under recirculating aquaculture system were better than that under flowingwater aquaculture system.

Key words Culture model; Turbot; Recirculating aquaculture system; Culture effects

大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus),属于鲆科(Bothidae)、菱鲆属(Scophthatmus),在国内俗称“多宝鱼”或者“欧洲比目鱼”[1]。大菱鲆具有较高的营养价值,目前是鲆蝶类中在世界上养殖产量最大的良种[2]。我国于1992年由黄海水产研究所雷霁霖院士从英国引进大菱鲆良种后,经过众多研究人员多年的共同努力,大菱鲆养殖业迅速在我国沿海地区发展起来,养殖产量也急剧增加[3]。据统計,2011年大菱鲆养殖产量已经达到了6.35万t,比2010年增加了29.9%[4]。

目前,国内大菱鲆养殖主要采用“大棚+深井海水”养殖模式,包括全流水养殖、封闭和半封闭循环水养殖。全流水养殖模式需要每天换水6~8次,大量消耗深井海水资源,经过多年的快速发展,在一些养殖集中地区地下海水资源日渐枯竭,严重限制了大菱鲆养殖业的快速发展。与全流水养殖模式相比,由于循环水养殖具有养殖密度高、用水量低、环境污染小和产品质量好等优点[5],因此近年来在大菱鲆养殖中工厂化循环水养殖模式得到广泛普及和推广。……

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