刘玉升 张大鹏

摘要[目的]建立一套纳入昆虫养殖的微型生态循环农牧场模式，为解决我国农业生产困境提供依据。[方法] 2007年，在山东农业大学实验站园建立0.80 hm2微型生态循环农牧场；设计玉米种植、柴鸡养殖、白星花金龟养殖3个环节；运用生态学原理，利用白星花金龟幼虫的腐食性，以其3龄幼虫取食玉米秸秆转化为虫体蛋白和虫粪沙，分别应用其虫体养鸡和虫粪种粮，构建生态循环农牧场模式。[结果]连续7年试验结果表明，散养条件下1 m2土地能饲养柴鸡4只；温室中，1 m2养殖池饲养白星花金龟3龄幼虫5.00 kg，1.00 kg白星花金龟幼虫可处理18.75 kg发酵玉米秸秆。能实现年产值45万元/hm2的纯经济收入，并能处理掉周边2.67 hm2地产生的玉米秸秆，同时解决6～10人的就业问题。[结论]以白星花金龟幼虫取食转化玉米秸秆为关键环节的循环农业模式是一套值得大力推广的模式。

关键词白星花金龟幼虫；玉米秸秆；虫体养鸡；虫粪种粮；微型生态循环农牧场

中图分类号S186文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-085-03

Study on the Model of Microcirculation Farm and Ranch on the Corn Straw Transformed by Larval of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis

LIU Yusheng， ZHANG Dapeng

（College of Plant Protection， Shandong Agricultural University，Taian， Shandong 271018）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to establish a microcirculation farm model to lay the basis for solve production problem in agriculture. [Method] In 2007， the corn straw were transformed by larval of P. brevitarsis Lewis and a model of microecological cycle farms and ranches had been built in a 0.80 hm2 of plots， Shandong Agricultural University. Three sectors of maize growing， chicken breeding and P. brevitarsis Lewis breeding were designed. Based on the theory of ecology， using P. brevitaris Lewis larvae saprophagous its third instar larvae of corn stalks into the parasite protein and frass sand， their larvae were applied to grain chicken and insect feces. As a biological transformation through the P. brevitarsis Lewis， will be the combination of the three links. [Result] After seven consecutive years of testing， results showed that： under freerange conditions， 1 m2 of land could raise four chickens； in the greenhouse， 1 m2 land could rear 5.00 kg the third instar larvae of P. brevitarsis Lewis， and 1.00 kg larval of P. brevitarsis Lewis could handle 18.75 kg fermented corn stalks. The modes could realize the value of 450 000 yuan/hm2 pure income per year， and dispose of the surrounding 2.67 hm2 land to produce corn stalks， while addressing the problem of employment 610 people. [Conclusion] The model of microcirculation farm and ranch on the corn straw transformed by larval of P. brevitarsis Lewis is worthy to generalize.

Key words Larval of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis； Corn stalks； Insect fed chicken； Insect dung sand fed grain； Microecological cycle farms and ranches

我國是玉米种植大国，年秸秆产量达2亿t[1] 。在传统农业生产中，玉米秸秆一部分用作农村生活能源，如直燃烧水、做饭、转化为沼气[2] ，一部分用作牲畜饲料[3] ，其余大部分被直接丢弃或露天焚烧[4]，既浪费资源、污染环境，又加剧了温室效应。从生物转化途径分析，饲料化主要是草食牲畜，沼气化、有机肥化主要是微生物，而对环境昆虫转化则研究较少。随着农业面源污染治理工作的开展和农业产业链的衔接需要，亟待一个转化玉米秸秆的新技术途径。……