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清初文人方象瑛家世生平行迹考论

2015-10-21王成

北方论丛 2015年6期

王成

[摘 要]清初文人方象瑛,以诗名著称于时。方氏出身名宦世家,家族精神对他的气质品性、为人为文等都产生了重要影响。方象瑛七十多年的人生路程,有坎坷挫折,有辉煌荣耀,但始终疾病缠身。在努力为官与寂寞苦病中,坚持着游历与创作。其行迹心态,为今天了解进而理解彼时一些文人的生活方式与价值选择提供了另一种解读方式。

[关键词]方象瑛;家世家风;精神特质;生平行迹

[中图分类号]I2062 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1000-3541(2015)06-0068-07

Textual Research of Fang Xiangyings Family Extraction, Life Story and Trackway in Early Qing Dynasty

WANG Cheng

(HeiLongjiang University School of Literature ,Harbin 150080,China)

Abstract: Fang Xiangying, who lives in early Qing dynasty, was splendid for his poem. He was born in a famous official aristocratic family so that household spirit had deeply affected his temperament, character, behave and writing style. During 70 years of life journey, there were not only ups and downs setbacks, but also brilliant glory. Unfortunately, he was always sick. However, he tried his efforts to official though suffering disease and loneliness, adhered traveling and creation. His trackway and mentality provide us another alternative interpretation to understand how to choose life style and value for scholars of that time.

Key words:Fang Xiangying; family background and tradition; mental character; life story and trackway

清初文人方象瑛(1632—1702年),人品學养,为时所重。在读书求仕阶段,曾屡受挫折,但意志并未消沉,而是淡然处之。举博学鸿儒科,跻身翰林院,修《明史》,仍寡淡心性,时有归隐之心。典四川乡试,又做到了尽心取士。乞假家居,时时受疾病困扰,仍笔耕不辍,间亦四方游历会友。其复杂的行迹心态,代表了当时一类文人,具有典型意义。有关方象瑛的家世家风及其生平行迹,尚未有学者给予论述辨析,可谓憾事。本文解读方象瑛的诗文作品,详细考察方象瑛的家世家风、著述、生平行迹,为其文学研究奠定必要而坚实的基础。

一、家世家风考

方象瑛的先祖,可追溯到唐代著名诗人方干,“先世系出唐玄英先生干”[1](p.218),其后数百年之家世不可查,从其六世祖方云槐、高祖方应庶皆有传可考。笔者通过方象瑛的文集及相关史料,考论方象瑛父辈三代,以见方氏家族气节文章共存不朽的盛名及其对后世子孙的影响。

(一)“于《易》无所不究”之方可正

方可正(1560—1624年),字允中,号直完,学者称直完先生。……

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