诗歌中的“面具”美学
2015-10-21殷晓燕万平
殷晓燕 万平
[摘 要]诗歌主要是表达诗人思想、抱负、志趣的文体,侧重于表述内在心声。但文学中呈现出的“声音”却是非常复杂的,未必是作者本人的真实声音,有时是寄托的声音,美国汉学家孙康宜把这种仿若戴着“面具”不以真实面貌示人的文学现象称为“面具”美学。晚唐诗人李商隐受党派之争牵连,政治上徘徊彷徨表现,在诗歌中欲言又止、隐喻深婉,内在心声隐藏在“面具”之下,反而成就了诗歌含蓄蕴藉之旨、神秘朦胧之韵。
[关键词]诗歌;面具;美学;李商隐
[中图分类号]I2072 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1000-3541(2015)06-0033-06
“Mask” Aesthetics of Poetry
——A Interp.retation about Late Tang Poet Li Shangyin of Step.hen Owen
YIN Xiao-yan,WAN Ping
(Chengdu college of literature and journalism,Chengdu 610106,China)
Abstract: Poetry mainly exp.resses the poets thought, aspiration, inclination, focusing on the representation inner voice. But literature showing a “voice” is very comp.licated and may not be the true voice of the author, and sometimes it is the sound of sustenance. American sinologist Kang-I Sun Chang put this are like wearing a “mask” not to show his true face literary p.henomenon known as the “mask” aesthetics. The Late Tang p.oet Li Shangyin was implicated by partisanship., political hovering hesitantly anxious exp.ression in poetry, metap.horical and eup.hemistic. The inner voice is hidden under the “mask”, but the achievement of poetry p.urp.ose of imp.licit and mysterious rhyme haze.
Key words:Poetry; Mask; Aesthetics; LI Shang-yin
《尚书·尧典》说:“诗言志,歌永言,声依永,律和声。”《左传·襄公二十七年》载:“诗以言志。”《庄子·天下篇》云:“诗以道志。”《荀子·儒效篇》则曰:“诗言是其志也。”由此可见,诗歌这种文体主要表达的是诗人自己的思想、抱负、志趣等,侧重于表述内在心声。且由于诗歌文体的特殊性,人们倾向于认为诗歌乃诗人的真情流露,与“小说”此类文体叙事中第三人称叙述或隐含作者是不一样的。但从屈原开始,即有“男女君臣”之说,以香草喻君子,以萧艾喻小人。男性诗人身处不同的环境中,政治上的复杂性使他们难以真正在诗歌中直抒胸臆,倾向于以“隐喻”的方式包裹内在心声,而这种处理方式正体现了文学中的不同 “声音”。美国耶鲁大学汉学家孙康宜(Kang-I Sun Chang)说:“文学里的‘声音是非常难以捕捉的——有时近在眼前,有时远在天边;有时是作者本人的真实的声音,有时是寄托的声音。解构主义告诉我们,作者本人想要发出的声音很难具体化,而且文本与文本之间的关系十分错综复杂,不能一一解读,因而其意义是永远无法固定的。……
