罗海斌　李春牛　卢家仕　屈婷婷　曾宋君　卜朝阳

摘 要 为筛选出适宜在广西南宁地区种植的优良铁皮石斛种源，并为下一步筛选优良品系和遗传育种提供参考依据。以5种不同种源铁皮石斛为试验材料，在南宁地区引种栽培2 a后，观察其生物学性状，测定叶绿素和糖类含量。结果发现：不同种源地的铁皮石斛生物学性状、叶绿素和糖类含量均呈现出差异；云南河口铁皮石斛生物学性状表现良好，叶绿素含量中等，但多糖和甘露糖含量较低。浙江乐清种源株高最矮，叶面积最小，叶绿素含量最低，但多糖含量较高，甘露糖含量中等。广西桂平铁皮石斛茎较粗，叶片宽大，叶绿素含量、多糖含量中等，甘露糖含量最高。广西玉林和桂平铁皮石斛生物学性状相近，多糖含量最高，甘露糖含量较低；广西乐业铁皮石斛茎细，叶片狭长，叶绿素含量最高，多糖和甘露糖较高。说明广西桂平和广西乐业2个种源在南宁地区的适应性较好，品质较高，适宜推广种植。

关键词 铁皮石斛；生物学性状；糖类含量

中图分类号 S682.31 文献标识码 A

Abstract In order to select the suitable varieties of Dendrobium officinale to cultivate in Nanning area and provide information for screening excellent varieties and genetic breeding. Five different germplasm resources of D. officinale were introduced and cultured in Nanning City in Guangxi. The biological characters， chlorophyll contents and saccharides components of them after two years planting were studied. The study found that the five Dendrobium officinale from different origins had different biological characters， chlorophyll contents and saccharides components. The biological characteristics of the D. officinale in Hekou City in Yunnan was good， its content of chlorophyll was medium， but its content of polysaccharide and mannitol was low. The plant height of the D. officinale in Yueqing City in Zhejiang was the shortest. Its leaf area was the smallest and the content of chlorophyll was the lowest，but the content of polysaccharide was higher and the content of mannose was medium. The stem of the D. officinale in Guiping City in Guangxi was thick. Its leaf area was large， the content of chlorophyll and polysaccharide was medium， but the content of mannose was the highest. The biological characteristics of the D. officinale in Yulin city and Leye city in Guangxi was close. The content of polysaccharide was the highest， but the content of mannose was lower. The stem of the D. officinale in Leye City in Guangxi was the thinnest. Its leaf area was narrow， the content of chlorophyll was the hightest and the content of polysaccharide and mannose was high. The results showed that the two germplasm resources of D. officinale in Guiping City in Guangxi and in Leye City in Guangxi had better adaptability and were suitable to plant in Nanning area.

Key words Dendrobium officinale；Biological characteristics；Saccharides component

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.020

铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale kimura et migo）属于兰科石斛属植物，在中国安徽、浙江、福建、广西、四川、云南等地均有分布，自古以来作为一种珍贵药用植物使用，由于过度采挖和其生态环境的破坏，野生铁皮石斛数量稀少，野生种濒临灭绝[1]，但目前铁皮石斛市场需求量大，人工栽培是一条有效的解决途徑。由于铁皮石斛在中国分布较广，不同种源地的铁皮石斛的生物学性状、生理特性、糖类含量等方面呈现出差异性，且不同气候环境对铁皮石斛的生长品质有一定影响[2]。……