张晓飞　黄肖　高新生　陈月异　李维国

摘 要 杂交育种是巴西橡胶树品种遗传改良的重要途径。以近年来在中国引种试种成功的国外胶木兼优无性系为亲本之一进行人工杂交授粉工作，研究其杂交子代苗期的性状表现，为胶木兼优品种的创新利用提供参考依据。分析热垦509×热研87-4-26、热研78-2×热垦628和热研78-2×热垦523等3个杂交组合子代苗期生长、试割干胶产量、乳管分化能力等性状。结果表明：组合内各性状存在较大差异，不同杂交组合子代试割前年茎围增粗均大于8 cm，试割后年均茎围增粗4.5 cm以上，均优于对照RRIM600；组合热垦509×热研87-4-26子代的综合性状均表现较好，亲本的速生和高产性状能较好的遗传给后代，从该组合子代中选育出胶木兼优品种的可能性较大。

关键词 胶木兼优；杂交子代；早期预测；初选

中图分类号 S722.34 文献标识码 A

Abstract Hybridization breeding is the main method for improvement in Hevea brasiliensis. In order to study the breeding and utilization of timber/latex clones， the girth growth， dry rubber yield and laticifer differentiation of 3 different hybrid combinations were identified in early period. Results showed that there were significant differences within the hybrid combination， the hybrids girth grew faster than the control of RRIM600， its annual increment reached more than 8 cm before test tapping and 4.5 cm after it. The hybrid progeny of Reken509×Reyan87-4-26 showed better than the others， the character of faster grew and high yield were good inherit from the parents， from which had the potential to breed Latex/Timber varieties.

Key words Timber/Latex clone； Hybrid progeny； Early prediction； Primary select

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.001

巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.）原产于巴西亚马逊流域，自1876年英国人魏克汉把野生巴西橡胶树引种到东南亚种植，至今已有100多年历史[1]。国外经历80多年的橡胶树育种，不仅产量较原始实生树提高了数倍，而且近年来胶木兼优新品种的成功培育，使橡胶树在干胶和木材上均可得到较好的收获。马来西来已选育出一批胶木兼优品种，如900组的RRIM928、RRTM929，2 000组的RRIM2001、RRIM2025等，其中RRIM2025头5割年株次产干胶高达98.5 g，14龄单株木材产量达到1.87 m3，按每公顷存树300株计算，每公顷木材产量可高達561 m3[2]。中国橡胶树大规模种植和育种工作均起步较晚，在植胶环境上属非传统植胶区，低温和台风是限制产业发展的主要限制因子。……