持久性有机污染物多氯联苯(PCBs)的研究进展
2015-10-15王飞
王飞
摘 要:多氯联苯难降解且具有挥发迁移性,能在生物体内累积,当达到一定浓度,最终对生物体产生毒害作用。国内对经济发达地区PCBs的研究较多,而对西部等偏远地区的研究相对较少。中国主要生产1号PCBs和2号PCBs,应当进一步加强对1号PCBs的检测和研究,完善1号PCBs的指纹图谱, 2号PCBs主要作为油漆添加剂,但缺乏2号PCBs的相关指纹图谱,应加强对2号PCBs同分异构体的研究工作。中国对PCBs等POPs的检测方法和评价标准与西方等发达国家还存在差距,应当尽快建立PCBs检测和评价标准,弥补不足。
关键词:多氯联苯(PCBs) 指纹图谱 评价标准 研究进展
中图分类号:X501 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2015)07(b)-0000-00
Research progress of persistent organic pollutants (PCBs)
Wang Fei
(Environmental monitoring center station of Tongling Tongling 244000)
Abstract: PCBs are difficult to degrade and can be accumulated in living organisms, when it reaches a certain concentration, it will eventually poison the organism. In China, there are many researches on PCBs in the economic developed area, and the research on the western and other remote areas is relatively small. China mainly produces 1# PCBs and 2 #PCBs, should further strengthen the detection of the 1#PCBs and further improve the fingerprint of 1# PCBs. 2 #PCBs was mainly used as paint additive,, but the lack of the fingerprint of 2# PCBs, should strengthen the research work on the 2#PCBs isomers.There is still a gap between China and the western developed countries about PCBs detection methods and evaluation standards, detection methods and evaluation standards should be established to make up for the shortage as soon as possible.
Key Words: polychlorinated biphenyls; fingerprints; evaluation standards; research progress
多氯联苯(PCBs)又称氯化联苯,是斯德哥尔摩公约优先禁止的12种持久性有机污染物(POPs)中的一种。多氯联苯被广泛应用于变压器、电容器、油漆添加剂、液压油及导热油等[1]。世界各国对多氯联苯商品叫法各不相同,日本、美国及法国的PCBs商品名称分别为Kanechlor、Aroclor及Phenochlor,中国则称之为1号PCBs和2号PCBs。1968年日本的“米糠油事件”,引起人们对PCBs环境污染问题的关注,世界范围内逐渐禁止PCBs的生产,我国于1974年禁止生产。多氯联苯易溶于脂肪,能长期存在于环境中,危害人类及动物的健康,目前我国制定了土壤和沉积物中多氯联苯的测定标准,并于2015年7月1日起实施,目前PCBs等POPs物质仍是是国内外的研究热点。
1 PCBs的主要特性
1.1 难降解性
多氯联苯结构稳定,自然条件下很难被降解,在水中的半衰期超过12个月,在土壤和沉积物中的半衰期超过6个月[2],而在人体和动物体内残留时间长达7~11年[3]。……
