《针灸甲乙经》为中国现存最早类书初探
2015-09-09李兰张效霞
李兰+张效霞
摘要:《针灸甲乙经》具有类书广采群书、述而不作和随类相从的特性,从内容及编排体例看,都可称之为以针灸理论与临床为主要内容的类书。编撰于公元624年的《艺文类聚》被公认为我国现存最早的一部完整的官修类书,而《针灸甲乙经》成书于公元256-264年,理应是我国现存最早的类书。
关键词:《针灸甲乙经》:现存最早:类书
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5707.2015.03.013 Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) -Discussion on the Earliest Existing
General Cyclopedia in China LI Lan, ZHANG Xiao-xia' (Institute of TCM Literature of Shandong University of TCM, Ji'nan Shandong 250355, China)
Abstract: Zhen Jiu Jia Y/ Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) is characterized by widecollection of various books, reviews without original ideas and classified description. In addition, from theperspectives of both contents and layout, this book can be taken as general cyclopedia of acupuncture theories andclinical experiences. Yi Wen /e/ Ju (Classified Excerpts from Ancient Writers), compiled in 624 AD, is generallyconsidered as the earliest existing complete officially compiled general cyclopedia, while Zhen Jiu Jia Yi jing (A-BClassic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), compiled between 256-264 AD, should be the earliest existing generalcyclopedia in our country.
Key words: Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion); the earliest existing; generalcyclopedia
西晋·皇甫谧所著《针灸甲乙经》是我国现存最早的针灸专著,集晋代以前针灸学之大成,是继《内经》《难经》之后针灸学的又一次总结,在针灸学术发展史上起到了承前启后的作用,后世一些著名的针灸著作,即是在《针灸甲乙经》的基础上发挥而成。但遗憾的是,中医学界没有明确指出《针灸甲乙经》为我国现存最早的类书。现不揣浅陋,略述管见如次,以就教于大方之家。
《针灸甲乙经》符合类书特性
类书是采辑或杂抄各种古籍的有关资料,并分门别类地加以整理,编次排列于从属类目之下,以供读者查阅的书籍。也就是说,类书只是将不同古籍中的原文,按照“方以类聚,物以群分”的方法,分门别类地剪裁、排列,按类堆砌汇编在一起。类书一般不加解释,只有少数加上“按语”进行辨释、考证或校勘。《针灸甲乙经》一书,符合类书的最基本特性。
符合类书随类相从的特性
皇甫谧在《针灸甲乙经·序》中述其撰集旨趣时说:“《黄帝内经》十八卷,今有《针经》九卷,《素问》九卷,二九十八卷,即《内经》也……《素问>论病精微,《九卷》是原本经脉,其义深奥,不易觉(《医经正本书》作‘览,于义为胜)也。
