甘薯替代控制紫茎泽兰的研究
2015-09-09朱文达杨新笋胡洪涛等
朱文达 杨新笋 胡洪涛等
摘要:研究选择生长速度快、具有一定经济价值的甘薯替代控制紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng),通过在湖北和四川的田间试验,观察甘薯替代紫茎泽兰的防治效果,以及对紫茎泽兰生长的影响。试验结果表明,无论是淀粉型还是叶菜型甘薯均能有效控制紫茎泽兰,其防控效果为98%~100%,并且能极显著地降低紫茎泽兰对氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗,保持田间水肥条件,保障了甘薯的增产和增收。
关键词: 紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng);叶菜型甘薯;生态防治;生物入侵
中图分类号:S543 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)14-3448-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.14.029
Study on Replacement Control of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng Using Sweat Potato
ZHU Wen-da1a,YANG Xin-sun2,HU Hong-tao3,XU Ling-feng4,LI Lin1b,CHEN Geng5,CAO Ao-cheng4
(1. Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,a. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer; b. Institute of Food Crops, Wuhan 430064,China; 2. Department of Biological Engineering, Hubei Vocational College of Bio-Technology, Wuhan 430070,China;
3.Hubei Plants Protection Station, Wuhan 430070,China; 4. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193,China;5. Station of Plant Protection of Xichang Agricultural Bureau, Xichang 615000,Sichuan,China)
Abstract:The replacement control of crofton weed(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng) was researched by using sweet potato which growed quickly with certain economic value. The control effect of alternative and its influence to the crofton weed growth were observed in Hubei and Sichuan field experiments. The results revealed that both starch-type and leaf-vegetable variety sweet potato can significantly inhibit the growth of crofton weed in the infected field with control effect of 98%~100%. And the two variety sweet potatoes can significantly reduce the consumption of nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium and water by crofton weed, to keep watering and fertilization of the field, which can protect sweet potato production and income.
Key words: crofton weed(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng); leaf-vegetable sweet potato; ecological control; bio-invasion
紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng)是一种外来入侵的恶性杂草,为菊科多年生草本植物,原产于南美洲墨西哥一带,广泛分布于世界热带和亚热带的30多个国家和地区[1,2]。该杂草从缅甸首先传入中国西南地区,而后迅速向东和北方向传播蔓延至多个省、市、自治区[2,3]。紫茎泽兰繁殖快,抗逆性强,与当地植物竞争水、光和其他营养元素,并逐渐挤占生态位,形成单一物种优势群落,导致生态多样性的丧失,一些当地珍稀物种甚至因此消失[2,3],并能产生有毒物质,牲畜食用后,常导致中毒甚至死亡[3]。紫茎泽兰的入侵不仅破坏当地植物生态系统,同时改变侵入地的土壤微生物结构,增强紫茎泽兰同本土植物的竞争[4]。研究表明,紫茎泽兰每年给中国农牧业生产造成多达几十亿元的损失[5,6]。因此,防治紫茎泽兰势在必行。
目前,防控紫茎泽兰的主要方法包括人工拔除、化学防除、生物防治和替代控制等。……
