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中国食用菌贸易的时空格局、出口竞争力及其影响因素分析

2015-09-09邓燕薛龙飞曹明宏

湖北农业科学 2015年14期

邓燕 薛龙飞 曹明宏

摘要:运用标准显示性比较优势指数(NRCA index)测算了中国食用菌的相对竞争力,并通过回归分析和单位根检验探讨了其稳定性,最后分析了食用菌类别、出口国人均国民收入、两国实际汇率和距离对中国食用菌出口竞争力的影响。结果表明,中国食用菌出口量和出口额在波动中上升,干品类出口额超过罐头类;中国食用菌相对竞争力总体在上升,但在日本、美国、德国和意大利等传统市场有下降趋势;中国食用菌整体比较优势稳定周期约为4年,其中盐水腌制类和罐头类比较优势变动具有平稳性特征;出口国人均国民收入和两国间距离对中国食用菌比较优势的提升具有负向作用,两国实际汇率影响不显著。

关键词:食用菌;国际竞争力;显示性比较优势指数

中图分类号:F326.13;F752.62 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)14-3570-06

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.14.060

Analysis of Temporal Pattern, Export Competitiveness and Influence

Factors of Chinese Edible Fungi

DENG Yan,XUE Long-fei,CAO Ming-hong

(Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

Abstract: Employing NRCA index the relative competitiveness of Chinese edible fungi was estimated, and by means of regression analysis and unit root test its stability was discussed. Last the effect of edible fungi categories, national income per head of exporter, the real exchange rate and distance on the export competitiveness of Chinese edible fungi was analyzed. It conclduded that the exports of Chinese edible fungi rose in fluctuations, and dried exports exceeded canned exports. In overall the relative competitiveness of fungi was rising in China, but have a downward trend in Japanese, the US, Germanic and Italian traditional markets. The stable cycle of overall comparative advantage of Chinese edible fungi was about 4 years, provisionally preserved and canned fungi have the characteristic of stability. To the promotion of comparative advantage of Chinese edible fungi, national income per head of exporter and distance have negative effect, but the real exchange rate have not obvious effect.

Key words: edible fungi; international competitiveness; NRCA index

中國是食用菌生产大国,产量大,品种多。目前,中国食用菌年产量占世界总产量的比例已经上升至75%,食用菌出口到126个国家和地区,占世界贸易总量的48%以上,是世界上食用菌生产和贸易量最大的国家[1]。据中国食用菌协会统计资料显示,至2013年中国食用菌总产量达3 169.68万t,产值超2 000亿元,出口创汇26.91亿美元,是中国重要的出口创汇农产品,对于扭转中国农产品国际贸易逆差局面具有重要意义。

目前,研究食用菌国际竞争力及其影响因素方面的文献较多。在国际竞争力测算方面,薛龙飞等运用CMS模型测算了中国食用菌出口波动原因,结果显示出口增长的主要原因是其综合竞争能力的提高[2];……

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