不同秋葵品种的生育特性和营养品质比较研究
2015-09-09李小纯章玉婷施露等
李小纯 章玉婷 施露等
摘要:以秋葵[Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]品种五福(A. esculentus cv. Wufu)、五星(A. esculentus cv. Gosei)、南洋(A. esculentus cv. Nanyang)、红娇1号(A. esculentus cv. Akaokura beni)为试材,测定了4个秋葵品种的生育特性、形态特征、营养品质,并用隶属函数法对营养品质进行了综合分析。结果表明,红娇1号含水量最高 (91.5%),黄酮类似物含量最高(3.0%),果胶含量和蛋白质含量均较高[21.5%、2.0 mg/100 g(FW)],因此推荐为市场首选;其次,五福和五星的果胶含量类似 (22.5%、22.6%),含水量也一致(90.4%),但低于红娇1号,因此应该成为市场的第二选择;而南洋品种的含水量、黄酮类似物含量、蛋白质和果胶含量均最低,因此应该逐渐被市场淘汰。
关键词:秋葵[Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench];品种;生育特性;营养品质
中图分类号:S649;S603.7;TS201.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)14-3419-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.14.022
Comparative Study of Different Okra Varieties of Growth
Characteristics and Nutritional Quality
LI Xiao-chun,ZHANG Yu-ting,SHI Lu,ZHAN Ni,YU Chao
(School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China)
Abstract: With okra [Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench] varieties A. esculentus cv. Wufu,A. esculentus cv. Gosei,A. esculentus cv. Nanyang,A. esculentus cv. Akaokura beni as test materials, the determination of the four varieties of okra growth characteristics,morphological characteristics,nutritional quality,the analyzes the method of subordinate function for the nutritional quality.The results showed that the A. esculentus cv. Akaokura beni water content was highest (91.5%),the flavonoids content of the highest (3.0%), and pectic substance content and protein content were higher[21.5%,2.0 mg/100 g(FW)],so was a top choice in the market. Second, A. esculentus cv. Wufu and A. esculentus cv. Gosei pectic substance content similar (22.5%,22.6%),water content is similar (90.4%),but were lower than A. esculentus cv. Akaokura beni,so the market should become the second choice;And A. esculentus cv. Nanyang of water content, flavonoid content,protein content and pectic substance content were the lowest,so should be gradually eliminated by the market.
Key words: okra[Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench]; varieties; growth characteristics; nutritional quality
秋葵[Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench]又名补肾草、羊角豆,属于锦葵科(Malvaceae)秋葵属(Abelmoschus Medicus)一年生草本植物,原产于非洲,如今世界各国均有栽培[1]。秋葵营养价值很高,富含黄酮、多糖、蛋白质、黄酮类似物、维生素及多种矿物质,被称为“植物伟哥”、“绿色人参”,经常食用具有健胃理肠之功效[2];黄阿根等[3]对秋葵的营养成分进行了测定分析,发现其嫩果中含有一种由多聚半乳糖醛(Polygalacturon)、半乳聚糖(Galactan)、阿拉伯聚糖(Araban)组成的粘性混合物质,具有特殊的香气和风味,能助消化、解辛辣、保护肠胃和肝脏,并能增强身体耐力和强肾补虚;秋葵的果胶、多糖和SOD具有保护皮肤、增加皮肤弹性、延缓衰老、祛除皮肤褐斑等作用,是一种天然的护肤养颜珍品[4];何贤超等[5]通过试验发现,秋葵种子经过加工还可作为咖啡替代物,具有较好的提神作用,且不含咖啡因;另外,秋葵花大而艳丽,且花果期较长,也可作为观赏植物栽培。……
